1. IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE

3. When you exercise or take part in a strenuous sport you will notice several changes taking place in your body:
Your heart beats stronger and faster
Your breathing becomes faster and deeper
Your body temperature increases
You start to sweat
Your muscles begin to ache

4. 1. YOUR HEART BEATS STRONGER AND FASTER
During exercise it is mainly ADRENALINE that produces changes in the heartbeat.
Adrenaline is a hormone which causes the heart rate to quicken.

5. 2. YOUR BREATHING BECOMES
FASTER AND DEEPER
You breathe quicker to get more oxygen into the lungs. An efficient heart can then transport this to the working muscles.
Training can be of great benefit to the Respiratory System. The capacity of the lungs is increased, which allows more oxygen to be taken in per breath.

6. 3. YOUR TEMPERATURE INCREASES
When we exercise, our muscles are working and they generate heat, so our body temperature rises.
Body temperature is regulated by heat radiating from the skin and water evaporating by sweating.
When we shiver, our muscles are working to produce heat in order to raise our body temperature.

7. 4. YOU START TO SWEAT
Some of our energy is turned into heat. The body will tolerate a small rise in temperature, but very soon we begin to sweat.
If the conditions are hot, we sweat more and produce less urine. We also lose salt as well as body heat and water. We must replace fluids to prevent DEHYDRATION.
We have to replace the salt so that the body stays the same, otherwise we will get CRAMP.

8. 5. YOUR MUSCLES BEGIN TO ACHE
As we now know, in order to work, muscles need energy. Energy comes from food, which is mainly converted to GLUCOSE (Sugar)
To work more efficiently muscles also need plenty of oxygen. Glucose and oxygen are brought to the muscles in the blood.
Wastes such as carbon dioxide are carried away in the blood.
Glucose +oxygen = Energy + CO2 + Water

9. When muscles do extra work more Glucose and Oxygen are needed, so more blood must flow to the muscles. Eventually it becomes impossible to get enough oxygen to the muscles
LACTIC ACID is a poison. After a while it will make the muscle ache, and the muscles will stop working.
The athlete has to rest while the blood brings fresh supplies of oxygen to the muscles.

12. Name some effects of regular training and exercise:

13. EFFECTS OF REGULAR TRAINING AND EXERCISE
THE HEART PUMPS MORE BLOOD PER BEAT.
THE RECOVERY RATE BECOMES QUICKER.
THE RESTING PULSE RATE BECOMES LOWER.
THE NUMBER OF CAPILLARIES INCREASES.
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM BECOMES MORE EFFICIENT.

14. Some idea of fitness can be gained from the resting pulse rate ( RPR ) because with training, our heart gets bigger and stronger, and it can supply the same amount of blood with fewer beats.
However, the RPR does not tell the whole story because it is just as important to know how long the pulse rate takes to get back to normal
This is known as our RECOVERY RATE and the quicker this happens the fitter we are.

15. Exam Question
Name Long Term benefits of exercise

16. Long Term benefits of exercise
1. Drop in resting blood pressure
2. Reduces chance of CHD/coronary heart disease/strokes/heart attacks /
3. Reduces cholesterol
4. Reduces asthma
5. Can prevent onset of diabetes
6. Reduce the chance of obesity
7. Reduction of chance of osteoporosis
8. Mental health benefit

17. If we are keen to get fit, this will probably motivate us not to smoke
If we are keen to get fit, this will probably motivate us not to smoke. Smoking is the biggest cause of CHD. So this is a longer-term effect of exercise.
Over a period of time we can see that the heart of a fit person will beat far fewer times. This makes it much more efficient and causes less stress to be put on the heart. This is also a long-term effect of exercise.

18. With training the heart muscle increases in size, thickness and strength, the chambers increase in volume and so the whole heart gets bigger.
Therefore we can work harder for longer. This is yet another long-term effect of exercise.