1. Basic Chemistry and Water

2. A. Atoms – basic unit of matter
Basic Chemistry
A. Atoms – basic unit of matter
1. Composed of a nucleus containing protons (+ charge) and neutrons (0/neutral charge) surrounded by a cloud of electrons (-charge)

3. B. Element – pure substance of one type of atom

4. C. Compounds – two or more elements chemically combined (bonded)

5. II. Water A. Polarity - uneven distribution of electrons around a molecule (causes it to have different charges on different sides of the molecule)

6. B. Hydrogen Bonds - positively charged hydrogen atoms of one water molecule are attracted to the negatively charged oxygen of the next water molecule

7. 1. An individual H bond is weak, but collectively they cause water to have many special properties

8. High Boiling Point
Cohesion – attraction between molecules of the same substance (high surface tension)

9. c. Adhesion – attraction between molecules of different types

10. III. Solutions - Evenly distributed mixture A
III. Solutions - Evenly distributed mixture A. Solute – thing that gets dissolved (salt) B. Solvent – thing that does the dissolving (water)

11. pH – measure of acidity and alkalinity
A. 7 = neutral - equal amount of H+ and OH- (water)