1. Rocks
Rock – any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet
Rock Cycle – the continuous processes that cause rocks to change

2. Igneous Rocks Formed from molten rock
Intrusive Igneous – formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface
Extrusive Igneous – formed when lava hardens above Earth’s surface
Characterized by grain sizes and composition
Texture
Coarse-grain – large grains
Fine-grain – small grains
Glassy – no crystals
Porphyritic – mixture of grain sizes
Composition
Granitic – light-colored
Basaltic – dark-colored

3. Sedimentary Rocks Formed from small pieces/sediments
Weathering and removal of rock  deposition  cementation and compaction
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary – weathered bits of rock
Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary – dissolved substances precipitate from a water solution

4. Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic – changes in rocks due to increased temperatures and pressures a few kilometers below Earth’s surface
Contact Metamorphism – magma leaks into cracks in existing rocks
Regional Metamorphism – large-scale deformation of rocks (mountain-building)
Types of Metamorphic
Foliated – banded, or layered, rocks
Nonfoliated – not banded