1. Start of World War II and Early Years

2. Important Terms and People
blitzkrieg − lightning war using overwhelming force and new technology
Axis Powers − Germany, Italy, Japan, and other nations that fought together during World War II
Allies − Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, and other nations that fought against the Axis Powers during World War II
Winston Churchill − British prime minister during World War II

3. Terms and People (continued)
Neutrality Act of 1939 − American law that allowed nations at war to buy U.S. arms if they paid cash and carried them away on their own ships
Lend-Lease Act − American law that allowed the United States to lend, lease, sell, or otherwise provide aid to other nations if doing so helped in the defense of the United States
Atlantic Charter − 1941-document signed by Roosevelt and Churchill that endorsed national self- determination and an international system of general security

4. Hopes for peace fade
Appeasement- Attempt to avoid war with Hitler didn’t work
Hitler invaded the Rhineland, Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1939.
Tank photo pg. 780
Woman crying photo p g. 781

5. Hitler signs a NON AGRESSION PACT with Stalin (leader of Soviet Union)
Terms of Non Aggression Pact:
Will not attack each other
Will remain neutral if either is attacked
Hitler and Stalin agreed to divide parts of Eastern Europe
Germany – Western Poland
Soviets- Eastern Poland, Baltic countries

6. War Starts
Hitler invaded Poland in September 1939, so Britain and France declared war on Germany. This marked the start of World War II.
Denmark, Norway, and the Netherlands fell in 1940. 
In May of 1940 the Germans entered France. It fell in just 35 days.

8. Tank photo pg. 780
Woman crying photo p g. 781 8

11. The Battle of Britain- July 1940
The Battle of Britain was an air battle.
The German air force bombed Britain nightly hoping the British would surrender.
The British refused to surrender.
Germany’s first defeat of WWII
People in train station photo pg. 783
Milkman photo pg. 783

13. The Tripartite Pact bound these nations together. Allies Britain
Europe was again at war. In time, major powers around the world joined in alliances.
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan
The Tripartite Pact bound these nations together.
Allies
Britain
France
Soviet Union
United States
China
People in train station photo pg. 783
Milkman photo pg. 783 13

14. German Aggression, 1936–1941
Many feared that Hitler was unstoppable.

15. The Selective Service Act provided for a military draft.
In the early days of the war, Congress declared neutrality. But as the war raged on in Europe, the United States began to take steps to support Europe’s democracies.
The Neutrality Act of 1939 contained a cash-and-carry provision favoring the Allies.
The Selective Service Act provided for a military draft.
FDR agreed to give Britain battleships in exchange for defense bases.
Photo of Edward R. Murrow pg. 783

16. Not everyone agreed with FDR’s pro-Allies position
Not everyone agreed with FDR’s pro-Allies position. A loud debate soon raged between isolationists and interventionists.
Photo of Edward R. Murrow pg. 783 16

17. He highlighted four freedoms precious to Americans. freedom of speech
As conditions worsened overseas, Roosevelt described what was at stake in his 1941 State of the Union address to Congress. This speech is now called “The Four Freedoms Speech”.
He highlighted four freedoms precious to Americans.
freedom of speech
freedom of worship
freedom from want
freedom from fear
Poster photo pg. 787
All of these freedoms, he argued, were threatened by German and Japanese militarism.

18. Congress takes more steps to aid the British...
In March 1941, Congress approved the Lend-Lease Act. (American law that allowed the United States to lend, lease, sell, or otherwise provide aid to other nations if doing so helped in the defense of the United States)
The act, symbolically numbered 1776, amounted to an economic declaration of war.
In August 1941, Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter, deepening the alliance between the two nations.

19. Conflict with Germany
German submarines began to fire on American ships supporting the Allies.
Roosevelt ordered the navy to attack the U-boats on sight.
FDR and Churchill photo pg. 786
War seemed inevitable.

20. Atlantic Charter- Aug. 1941
They have agreed upon the following joint declaration: The President of the United States and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing H. M. Government in the United Kingdom, being met together, deem it right to make known certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world.
Their countries seek no aggrandissement, territorial or other.
They desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned.
They respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of Government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self-government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them.
They will endeavour with due respect for their existing obligations, to further enjoyment by all States, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity.
They desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field, with the object of securing for all improved labour standards, economic advancement, and social security.
After the final destruction of Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the men in all the lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want.
Such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance.
They believe all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well spiritual reasons, must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea, or air armaments continue to be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe, pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the disarmament of such nations is essential. They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measures which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of armament."

21. The U.S. Declares War
Japan had been taking over countries in the Pacific, so we cut trade ties with them
On Dec. 7, 1941 Japanese airplanes attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor.
More than 2,400 Americans died and our fleet was destroyed.
Congress declared war on Japan, then Germany declared war on the U.S.

22. Important Battles Europe: Battle of Stalingrad D-Day Invasion
Battle of the Bulge
North Africa:
Battle of El Alamein
Pacific:
Bataan Death March/Philippines
Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of Midway
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Assignment:
Your group will teach the rest of the class about an important battle. In your 2 minute report, answer the following questions:
Where did they fight?
Who was fighting?
What was the result?
Why was the battle so important?
What are 3 other interesting facts about the battle?
You also need to show us on your map where the battle happened!

23. The End of the War Victory in Europe:
FDR died in April Harry S. Truman became the new president.
May 8, the Allies defeated Germany and Germany surrenders.
Hitler killed himself.
Americans celebrate the victory in Europe, “V-E Day”

24. Victory in the Pacific
The Allies fought the Japanese in the Pacific for many years.
President Truman said the Japanese must surrender without conditions.
Japan refused to make a peace deal unless they could keep their emperor.
Truman decided we needed to do something drastic to make Japan surrender.

25. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Truman ordered American troops to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, two Japanese cities.
Hiroshima- Aug. 6, 1945; killed 8,000
Nagasaki- Aug. 9, 1945; killed 10,000
EXTREMELY CONTROVERSIAL

26. WAR IS OVER! Aug. 15, 1945- Japan surrenders! WWII is finally over!
50 million people dead.