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Organized groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
Tissues Organized groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
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Anatomy A-Day 11/5/18 Bellringer What causes cancer?
What type of molecules can diffuse through the cell membrane on their own? Agenda Bellringer Epithelial Tissue Notes Epithelial Tissue Practice
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Anatomy A-Day 11/5/18 Bellringer What causes cancer?
Uncontrolled cell division What type of molecules can diffuse through the cell membrane on their own? Hydrophobic, small molecules Agenda Bellringer Epithelial Tissue Notes Epithelial Tissue Practice
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Tissues Tissues are organized into organs.
Organs can contain more than one type Four main types: Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue
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Epithelial Tissue Also called epithelium (epithe = covering)
Lining, covering, and glandular tissue of body Functions include protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion Special Properties: Avascular Reproduce rapidly Packed together tightly
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Epithelial Tissues Each epithelium has two names:
One signifies the number of cell layers : simple epithelium (one layer of cells) stratified epithelium (more than one layer) The second name describes the shape of its cells Squamous cells (flattened like fish scales) Cuboidal cells (cube-shaped like dice) Columnar cells (shaped like columns)
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Simple squamous epithelium
Single layer Thin squamous cells resting on basement membrane In air sacs of lungs Function in gas exchange
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
Single layer Common in glands and ducts Forms walls of kidney tubules Form rings
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Simple columnar epithelium
Single layer Columnar cells Goblet cells that secrete mucus are in this layer Lines digestive tract Mucous membranes that line body cavities
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Vary in height so false impression that stratified Functions in secretion and absorption Lines respiratory tract Goblet cells, cilia present
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Stratified squamous epithelium
Most common stratified epithelium Found in areas that receive friction, like esophagus, mouth, and skin
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Transitional Epithelium
Highly modified stratified squamous epithelium Forms lining of urinary bladder, ureter, and urethra Basal layer = columnar / cuboidal When organ is distended (stretched) with urine, the cells flatten and become squamous-like Allows ureter wall to stretch with greater volumes of urine
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Glandular Epithelium Gland – one or more cells that make and secrete a product Secretion – product of gland that contains proteins in aqueous solution Endocrine gland – ductless, diffuse secretion (hormones) directly into the blood (ex: thyroid, adrenal, pituitary glands) Exocrine gland – retain ducts, secretions empty through ducts to epithelial surface (ex: sweat glands, liver, pancreas)
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Anatomy A-Day 11/8/18 Bellringer
Which type of tissue is located in areas of high friction? Which type of tissue lines the digestive tract? Bellringer Practice Epithelial Tissue Pictures Connective Tissue Notes Connective Tissue Coloring
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Anatomy A-Day 11/8/18 Bellringer
Which type of tissue is located in areas of high friction? Stratified Squamous Which type of tissue lines the digestive tract? Simple columnar Bellringer Practice Epithelial Tissue Pictures Connective Tissue Notes Connective Tissue Coloring
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Connective Tissue Connects body parts
Most abundant and widely distributed tissue Functions include protecting, supporting, and binding together other tissues Well vascularized (exceptions tendons, ligaments; cartilage is avascular) Connective tissues includes cells plus extracellular matrix – nonliving substance outside cells
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Extracellular Matrix Produced by connective tissue and secreted to exterior Ground substance composed largely of water and proteins The following types of connective tissue are discussed in order of most rigid to softest
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Bone Bone – osseus tissue, composed of bone cells in cavities called lacunae, surrounded by hard matrix of calcium salts and collagen fibers Protects and supports body organs
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Cartilage Less hard and more flexible than bone
Chondrocyte – mature cartilage cell 3 types: Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage
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Hyaline Cartilage Most widespread
Abundant collagen fibers in a matrix with glassy appearance hyalin = glass Forms larynx, connects ribs to sternum, covers bones to form joints Fetus skeleton made of hyaline cartilage
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Fibrocartilage Highly compressible Forms disks between vertebrae
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Elastic Cartilage Found in a structure with elasticity
Supports external ear
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Dense Connective Tissue
Also called dense fibrous tissue Collagen fibers as main matrix element Fibroblasts – fiber forming cells between collagen fibers Two types: Tendons – connect skeletal muscles to bones Ligaments – connect bones to bones at joints Ligaments more stretchy (more elastic fibers) than tendons
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Dense Fibrous Tissue
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Loose Connective Tissue
Softer, fewer fibers and more cells than other connective tissues except blood Areolar tissue – most widely distributed connective tissue Soft, pliable, “cobweb”-like tissue Cushions and protects body organs it wraps Provides reservoir of water and salts for surrounding tissue site where nutrients are obtained and wastes released
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Areolar Tissue
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Loose Connective Tissue
Adipose Tissue – commonly called fat Areolar tissue in which fat cells predominate Insulates body and protects it from extreme T Stored in body and cushions some organs
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Adipose Tissue Oil occupies most of a fat cell’s volume and compresses the nucleus, displacing it to one side
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Blood Blood – vascular tissue; consists of blood cells surrounded by a matrix called blood plasma Atypical connective tissue Transport vehicle for cardiovascular system
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Muscle Tissue Muscle tissues are highly specialized to contract or shorten to produce movement
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Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscle tissue – skeletal muscle organs connected to the skeleton. Controlled voluntarily Contraction leads to pulling on bone or skin Result is movement or changes in expression Cells are long, cylindrical, multinucleate, and have obvious striations. Called muscle fibers
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Skeletal Muscle Long Cylindrical Multinucleate Striations
Called “muscle fibers”
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Cardiac Muscle Found only in the heart
Contractions lead to propelling of blood through the blood vessels Cardiac muscle cells are uninucleate, short, branching with striations and fit tightly together at intercalated disks Gap junctions with ion flow Involuntarily controlled
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Cardiac Muscle Cells short Striated Branching Uninucleate
Intercalated Discs
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Smooth Muscle Smooth muscle (Visceral Muscle) – found in walls of hollow organs (stomach, uterus, blood vessels, etc.) Contractions lead to the organ constricting or dilating so substances are propelled No striations, uninucleate, spindle-shaped
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Smooth Muscle No striations Uninucleate Pointed ends (spindle shaped)
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Anatomy A-Day 11/12/18 Bellringer
Which type of tissues are pictured below? Agenda Bellringer Nerve Tissue Notes All Tissue Practice Begin Microscope Lab
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Anatomy A-Day 11/12/18 Bellringer
Which type of tissues are pictured below? First picture is Cardiac Muscle Tissue Second picture is Adipose Tissue Agenda Bellringer Nerve Tissue Notes All Tissue Practice Begin Microscope Lab
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Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue – made of cells called neurons
Neurons receive and conduct electrochemical impulses from one part of body to another Neurons and neuroglia (insulate and protect neurons) make up the nervous system: the brain, spinal chord, and nerves Cytoplasm drawn out in extensions allows neurons to conduct impulses long distances
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Neuron Neurons in human hippocampus
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Anatomy A-Day 11/14/18 Bellringer
What organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting? What are the 3 points of the cell theory? Agenda Bellringer Finish Microscope Lab All Tissues Worksheet
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Anatomy A-Day 11/17/18 Bellringer Agenda Bellringer
What organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting? Golgi Apparatus What are the 3 points of the cell theory? All living things are made of cells, all cells come from pre-existing cells, cells are the smallest unit of life Agenda Bellringer Finish Microscope Lab All Tissues Worksheet
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Anatomy A-Day 11/16/18 Bellringer
Why is the sodium-potassium pump important for cells? What are the two classifications for epithelial tissue? Agenda Bellringer All tissues worksheet Cells and Tissues Study Guide
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Anatomy A-Day 11/16/18 Bellringer
Why is the sodium potassium pump important for cells? Carries nerve impulses What are the two classifications for epithelial tissue? # of layers and shape of cells Agenda Bellringer All tissues worksheet Cells and Tissues Study Guide
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Anatomy A-Day 11/20/18 Bellringer
Which type of tissue contains goblet cells? Which type of tissue contains a matrix of collagen and elastic fibers with little cells? Agenda Bellringer Kahoot Review Cell and Tissue Exam Introduction to Endocrine System
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Anatomy A-Day 11/20/18 Bellringer
Which type of tissue contains goblet cells? Simple columnar Which type of tissue contains a matrix of collagen and elastic fibers with little cells? Areolar tissue Agenda Bellringer Kahoot Review Cell and Tissue Exam Introduction to Endocrine System
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