1. The Origins of Progressivism
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The Origins of Progressivism
Progressivism-Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America leads to broad progressive reforms.

2. The Origins of Progressivism
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The Origins of Progressivism
Four Goals of Progressivism
Concerns of Progressives
Early 1900s, middle-class reformers address problems of 1890s
Different reform efforts collectively called progressive movement
Reformers aim to restore economic opportunity, correct injustice by:
— 1. protecting social welfare, 2. promoting moral improvement
— 3.creating economic reform, 4.fostering efficiency
Continued…

3. Four Goals of Progressivism {continued}
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Four Goals of Progressivism {continued}
Protecting Social Welfare
Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire other reform groups
YMCA’s and Salvation Army organization are formed
Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate for women, children
— helps pass law prohibiting child labor, limiting women’s hours in Illinois

4. Four Goals of Progressivism {continued
Promoting Moral Improvement
Some feel poor should uplift selves by improving own behavior
Prohibition—banning of alcoholic drinks
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union(WCTU) spearheads prohibition crusade
Prohibition video:

5. Four Goals of Progressivism {continued
“Competition was natural enough at one time, but do you think you are competing today? Many of you think you are. Against whom? Against Rockefeller? About as I would if I had a wheelbarrow and competed with the Santa Fe from here to Kansas City.” Eugene Debs- 1908
Four Goals of Progressivism {continued
Creating Economic Reform
1893 panic prompts doubts about capitalism; many become socialists
These Socailists are led by Eugene Debs
Socialists believe in:
-government should own all industries and divide the profits among those who actually created the products.
-believed too much wealth in hands of upper class people.
Muckrakers—journalists who expose corruption in politics, business

6. Four Goals of Progressivism {continued}
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Four Goals of Progressivism {continued}
Fostering Efficiency
Many use experts, science to make society, workplace more efficient
Louis D. Brandeis uses social scientists’ data in trial
Scientific management—time and motion studies applied to workplace
Assembly lines speed up production, make people work like machines
— cause high worker turnover
Theory of Scientific management made popular by a man named Frederick Winslow Taylor- Sci. Management comes to be known as “Taylorism”

7. Cleaning Up Local Government
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Cleaning Up Local Government
Reforming Local Government-
Big City governments were run by political machines (Remember Boss Tweed in NYC)
Reformers try to make government efficient, responsive to voters
Some cities adopt government by commission of experts
Many use council-manager: people elect council that appoints manager
Reform Mayors
Hazen Pingree of Detroit tackles taxes, transit fares, corruption
Socialist Tom Johnson of Cleveland fights corrupt utility companies

8. Reform at the State Level
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Reform at the State Level
Reform Governors
Governors push states to pass laws to regulate large businesses
Robert M. La Follette is 3-term governor, then senator of Wisconsin
— attacks big business, particularly the railroad industry
Fight Against Child Labor
Child workers get lower wages, small hands handle small parts better
— families need children’s wages
National Child Labor Committee gathers evidence of harsh conditions
Labor unions argue children’s wages lower all wages
Groups press government to ban child labor, cut hours
Child Labor Video:
Continued…

9. Reform at the State Level {continued}
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Reform at the State Level {continued}
Efforts to Limit Working Hours
Louis Brandies, was a lawyer who fought to shorten work days.
Muller v. Oregon—Court upholds limiting women to 10-hour workday
Bunting v. Oregon—upholds 10-hour workday for men
Reformers win workers’ compensation for families of injured, killed,
Better health benefits and things like disabillity insurance start to prop up for the first time
Continued…

10. Reform at the State Level {continued}
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Reform at the State Level {continued}
Reforming Elections
Oregon adopts secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall
Initiative—bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots
Referendum—voters, not legislature, decide if initiative becomes law
Recall—voters remove elected official through early election
Primaries allow voters, not party machines, to choose candidates
Direct Election of Senators
Seventeenth Amendment permits popular election of senators

11. Conclusion
These early days of the progressive movement led to improvements in labor conditions and in the fairness of elections at the local, state, and national levels
As the progressive movement grew, another group of people started to gain momentum; Women.
Go to page 312 and complete question 2
under the main idea questions.