1. Speciation Geographic isolation of populations
Can lead to
Reproductive isolation of population
New Species (unable to breed when together)

2. Pre-zygotic Barriers Habitat isolation
Land garter snake Water garter snake

3. Geographic Isolation
Members of a population may become isolated from one another by geographic boundaries like mountains, rivers or even oceans

5. Behavioral Isolation
Firefly flash pattern is species specific. A mutation which changes the pattern will isolate that population.

6. Temporal Isolation
Rainbow Trout
Brown Trout

7. Gametic Isolation

8. Mechanical Isolation

9. Post Zygotic Barriers
Reduced hybrid viability

10. Reproductive Isolation

11. Reduced Hybrid Fertility
Mules – hybrid horse and donkey

12. Hybrid Breakdown
F2 generation shows mortality or infertility

13. Modes of Speciation
Allopatric speciation

14. Grand Canyon Barrier

15. Sympatric Speciation

16. Genetic Mutation Speciation

18. Evolutionary Rates

19. Gradualism

20. Convergent Evolution

21. Divergent Evolution

22. Macro-Evolution

23. Micro-Evolution
Small changes; change in gene frequencies, appearance of subspecies

24. One gene can have many effects
When a mutation in one gene can cause multiple phenotypic effects.
Selection for tameness (low adrenaline production) in the silver fox led to changes in coat color, ear shape and behavior
Pet foxes?