1. Protein Synthesis
Ch 17

2. Nuclear envelope DNA TRANSCRIPTION Pre-mRNA mRNA TRANSLATION Ribosome
Fig. 17-3b-3 (pg 329)
Nuclear
envelope
DNA
TRANSCRIPTION
Pre-mRNA
RNA PROCESSING
mRNA
Figure 17.3 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information
TRANSLATION
Ribosome
Polypeptide
(b) Eukaryotic cell

3. Gene 2 Gene 1 Gene 3 DNA template strand mRNA Codon TRANSLATION
Fig pg 329
Gene 2
DNA
molecule
Gene 1
Gene 3
DNA
template
strand
TRANSCRIPTION
Figure 17.4 The triplet code
mRNA
Codon
TRANSLATION
Protein
Amino acid

4. Reading DNA CODE DNA CODE TAC AGA GTT TCA ATT What is the mRNA code?
What are the amino acids coded?

5. First mRNA base (5 end of codon) Third mRNA base (3 end of codon)
Fig pg 330
Second mRNA base
First mRNA base (5 end of codon)
Third mRNA base (3 end of codon)
Figure 17.5 The dictionary of the genetic code

6. Completed RNA transcript
Fig pg 332
Promoter
Transcription unit 5 3 3 5
DNA
Start point
RNA polymerase 1
Initiation
Elongation
Nontemplate
strand of DNA
RNA nucleotides 5 3
RNA
polymerase 3 5
RNA
transcript
Template strand
of DNA
Unwound
DNA 3 2
Elongation
3 end
Rewound
DNA 5 5 3 3 3 5 5
Figure 17.7 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination 5
Direction of
transcription
(“downstream”)
RNA
transcript
Template
strand of DNA 3
Termination
Newly made
RNA 5 3 3 5 5 3
Completed RNA transcript

7. Translation initiation complex
Fig p 340
Large
ribosomal
subunit 3 U C 5 A
P site
Met 5 A
Met U G 3
Initiator
tRNA
GTP
GDP E A
mRNA 5 5 3 3
Start codon
Figure The initiation of translation
Small
ribosomal
subunit
mRNA binding site
Translation initiation complex

8. GDP GDP Amino end of polypeptide E 3 mRNA Ribosome ready for
Fig pg 341
Amino end
of polypeptide E 3
mRNA
Ribosome ready for
next aminoacyl tRNA P
site A
site 5
GTP
GDP E E P A P A
Figure The elongation cycle of translation
GDP
GTP E P A

9. Release factor Free polypeptide 5 3 3 3 2 5 5 Stop codon
Fig pg 342
Release
factor
Free
polypeptide 5 3 3 3 2 5 5
GTP
Stop codon
(UAG, UAA, or UGA)
2 GDP
Figure The termination of translation

10. Fig pg 348
DNA
TRANSCRIPTION 3
Poly-A
RNA
polymerase 5
RNA
transcript
RNA PROCESSING
Exon
RNA transcript
(pre-mRNA)
Intron
Aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetase
Poly-A
NUCLEUS
Amino
acid
AMINO ACID ACTIVATION
CYTOPLASM
tRNA
mRNA
Growing
polypeptide
Cap 3 A
Activated
amino acid
Poly-A P
Ribosomal
subunits
Figure A summary of transcription and translation in a eukaryotic cell E
Cap 5
TRANSLATION E A
Anticodon
Codon
Ribosome