1. DNA
"The Blueprint of Life"

2. DNA stands for... DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
DNA song 2:47 or They might be Giants—Cells 2:42
Time for a Song!

3. DNA FACTS established by James Watson and Francis Crick
Shape of a double helix

4. codes for your genes  (traits/allleles)
made of repeating subunits called nucleotides

5. What is a nucleotide? Has three parts: PHOSPHATE
DEOXYRIBOSE (5 Carbon sugar)
BASE  (A,T,G,C)

6. Base-Pair Rule Adenine <==> Thymine Guanine <==> Cytosine
The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar
held together by  hydrogen bonds

7. Purines and Pyrimidines
Purines—A and G
Pyrimidines– T and C
Purines and Pyrimidines occur evenly in DNA strands, 50% of the base pairs will be purines and 50% will be pyrimidines.

8. Mnemonic
Come up with a memory device/slogan/phrase to remember the 4 nitrogen bases and how they pair up.

9. Base Pair Rule
One side:     A   T   A      T   C   A      T   G   C      G   G   G
Other side:

11. DNA Structure Video Clip
1st part of Crash course—structure and replication

12. DNA Reading and Coloring
Biology Corner

13. Let's Review What We Know About DNA
1.  DNA stands for:   De _____ ribo ______  acid
2.  What is the shape of DNA? _______________
3.  Who established the structure of DNA?  ____________
4.  Adenine always pairs with _______________
5.  The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____
6.  Guanine always pairs with _____________
7.  What is the complimentary sequence:   A A T  G  C A
8.  The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds.
9.  DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________
10.  What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? _______________________________________

14. DNA REPLICATION
the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division)
SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved

15. Steps of DNA Replication1
Enzyme Helicase separates the DNA strands 2
Enzymes called DNA polymerases add the compatible nucleotides (found floating in nucleus) to the original strands
Hydrogen bonds form between the new nitrogen bases 3
DNA polymerases are released
2 DNA molecules, identical, are created

17. Errors in Replication
DNA replication usually occurs with great accuracy.
Only about 1 error for every BILLION pairs of nucleotides (for example: retyping your Biology text book 1000 times and only making 1 typo)
When a mistake occurs, the base sequence is changed; this is called a MUTATION

18. DNA Replication Video
2nd part of crash course

19. DNA POGIL

20. DNA Replication Review in Song!
Mr. W-DNA Replication Rap

21. DNA Structure and Replication CFA

22. Protein Synthesis
A gene (a segment on a DNA strand) codes for a specific hereditary item (ie hair color).
The gene is the instruction for the making of the protein that creates that item (ie blond hair).
To get the instructions to the ribosome (where proteins are made) DNA uses RNA to deliver the genetic information to the ribosome where the protein is created.
This entire process= PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

23. RNA - the messenger
*single strand
*ribose sugar
*contains no thymine, uracil instead
*follows base pair rule
DNA:   A  T  A   G  C  G
RNA:  

24. RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made

25. DNA --> RNA --> Protein
Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

26. Transcription -  process where RNA is made from DNA
Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA

27. Steps of Transcription1
RNA polymerase binds to a promoter
The DNA strands unwind and separate 2
RNA polymerase adds free RNA nucleotides that are compatible with the DNA strand
Unlike DNA replication, transcription only codes for a particular gene (not the entire strand) 3
RNA polymerase reaches a termination signal that marks the end of the gene
RNA polymerase releases, DNA rewinds and the new RNA strand goes on to perform its job

28. Transcription and Translation Video Clip
Amoeba sisters: protein synthesis, the lean mean ribosome machines

29. Types of RNA mRNA Messenger RNA
A single strand, carries instructions to ribosome
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA
Part of the structure of the ribosome
tRNA
Transfer RNA
Transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein

30. How the Code Works
The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have.....
C A T C A T   =  purple hair
T A C T A C  =  yellow hair

31. Think of the bases of DNA like letters.
Letters form words....
Words form sentences....
              *endless                combinations

32. The Genetic Code
3 adjacent nucleotides (‘letters’) in mRNA = codon. A CODON codes for a specific amino acid (there are 20 in all).
There are 64 codons that encode most organisms.
GCU, GCC, GCA, and GCG are all codons that code for the amino acid, Alanine.

33. What would the amino acid be for the following codons:
AAA
UGC
CCG
AUA

34. Steps of Translation—the making of Proteins1
tRNA and mRNA join together
Codons match up with anticodons on the tRNA 2
Polypeptide chain is put together
The amino acids that are coded for begin to make a chain 3
The chain continues to grow as more amino acids are added as the codons instruct 4
The ribosome reaches a ‘stop’ codon and the polypeptide chain is complete.

35. Protein Synthesis Song!

36. DNA-RNA-Protein Practice
Crime Scene DNA!
TpT Handouts

37. DNA Song
Parr

38. Snorks!

39. Vocabulary! Nucleotide Translation Deoxyribose Protein synthesis
Nitrogenous base
Ribose
Purine
mRNA
Pyrimidine
rRNA
Base-pairing rules
tRNA
Complementary base pairs
RNA polymerase
Base sequence
Promoter
DNA replication
Termination signal
Helicase
Genetic code
Replication fork
Codon
DNA polymerase
Anticodon
Semi-conservative replication
genome
Mutation
RNA
Transcription