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How Genes Function 5B.

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Presentation on theme: "How Genes Function 5B."— Presentation transcript:

1 How Genes Function 5B

2 Why are recipes useful in cooking?
What would happen if you changed things in the recipe? Compare the process of making a cake to the production of cells in the human body?

3 Language of Genes Nucleotides: building blocks of nucleic acids (5 different kinds – 4 kinds in DNA and 4 kinds in RNA) Codons: 3 nucleotides Genes: sets of codons make genes Genes are necessary to make proteins. During cell reproduction a complete copy is made of all genes and is given to each new organism

4 An organism's ability to manufacture proteins enables it to carry on its life processes.
Since what a cell can or cannot do depends upon enzymes, cells are controlled by enzymes, which are proteins.

5 a substance made of long chains of amino acids
protein a substance made of long chains of amino acids

6 DNA is Coded Messages DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid
1953 James d. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick - model for the structure of DNA

7 DNA looks like a twisted ladder
Double Helix

8 DNA is made up of nucleotides

9 nucleotide - the basic structurial unit of DNA and RNA
Sugar Phosphate base

10 nucleotide - the basic structured unit of DNA and RNA
Sugar (deoxyribose) & Phosphate form the sides of the ladder Bases form the rungs

11 DNA nucleotide bases adenine thymine guanine cytosine

12 how bases pair up A – T C - G

13 genes are sections of DNA

14 replication - the process of forming 2 DNA molecules from 1 original DNA molecule

15

16 RNA- ribonucleic acid messenger RNA (m-RNA): the RNA molecule that transports a coded message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm transfer RNA (t-RNA): the RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA) makes up ribosomes and reads the code

17 How does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA has a single chain of nucleotides base thymine is replaced by Uracil Sugar is ribose

18 RNA nucleotide bases adenine guanine uracil cytosine

19 transcription- the process of forming messenger RNA from DNA
How is m-RNA made? transcription- the process of forming messenger RNA from DNA

20 Protein Synthesis takes place in the ribosome
protein synthesis- the manufacturing of protein inside a cell

21


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