1. IEEE 802.11 Study Group Overview - 2004
Month 2002
doc.: IEEE /xxxr0
January 2004
IEEE Study Group Overview
Harry Worstell
AT&T Research
Vice-Chair IEEE WG
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T
John Doe, His Company

2. IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws on Patents in Standards
January 2004
IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws on Patents in Standards
6. Patents
IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard. This assurance shall be provided without coercion and prior to approval of the standard (or reaffirmation when a patent becomes known after initial approval of the standard). This assurance shall be a letter that is in the form of either
a) A general disclaimer to the effect that the patentee will not enforce any of its present or future patent(s) whose use would be required to implement the proposed IEEE standard against any person or entity using the patent(s) to comply with the standard or
b) A statement that a license will be made available without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination
This assurance shall apply, at a minimum, from the date of the standard's approval to the date of the standard's withdrawal and is irrevocable during that period.
Approved by IEEE-SA Standards Board – December 2002
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

3. Inappropriate Topics for IEEE WG/TG/SG Meetings
January 2004
Inappropriate Topics for
IEEE WG/TG/SG Meetings
Don’t discuss licensing terms or conditions
Don’t discuss product pricing, territorial restrictions or market share
Don’t discuss ongoing litigation or threatened litigation
Don’t be silent if inappropriate topics are discussed… do formally object.
If you have questions,
contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at
Approved by IEEE-SA Standards Board – December 2002
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

4. Outline History of IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 Processes January 2004
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

5. History of IEEE 802.11 January 2004
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

6. 802.11: Indoor Wireless LAN Migration
Month 2002
doc.: IEEE /xxxr0
January 2004
802.11: Indoor Wireless LAN Migration
IEEE
Fourth-Generation of
Wireless Communications
First Generation Wireless LANs
Peer/Peer and Client/Server
Small User Population
Isolated "Cells" and User Groups
Non-Contiguous Coverage
Indoor Operation
Limited Mobility
Mostly Asynchronous Traffic
Slower than Ethernet
Larger User Population
Full Roaming/Handoff Capability
Contiguous Coverage in Dense Areas
Wider Area Coverage for Community LANs
Mobility (Follow-Me Service)
Mix of Async and Isochronous Traffic
Higher System Utilization
Enhanced Security
InterNet/IntraNet
Ethernet-Compatible Speeds
Multiple RF Bands to operate
Second-Generation Wireless LANs
Third-Generation Wireless Communications
TDMA
EDGE
Wideband CDMA
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T
John Doe, His Company

7. January 2004
802.11: WLAN History
1940: Spread spectrum technology first used by the military
1980: Limited applications using narrowband technology
1989: FCC assigns frequency for commercial use.
ISM bands authorized (900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz)
1990: 900 MHz products begin shipping
IEEE begins work on industry standard
1994: 2.4 GHz products begin shipping
1997: IEEE standard approved.
2.4 GHz products begin dominating the scene
1998: FCC authorizes the UNII Band
1999: IEEE a&b standard ratified.
WECA formed for interoperability testing
Wide Band Frequency Hopping NPRM Released by FCC
“Enhanced MAC - QoS and Security” Task Group chartered
2001 QoS/Security enhancements Task Groups begin
2003 FCC Expands the UNII Band by 255 MHZ
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

8. January 2004
802.11: WLAN History (cont.)
Early 1980’s- began selling vertical market narrowband solutions geared to the retail and manufacturing industries.
1985- FCC authorizes the ISM bands for WLAN, then assigns a frequency for commercial use in 1990.
1990, NCR (now Lucent/Avaya) and others penetrate the horizontal markets with 900MHz products, but many factors prevented market penetration.
Cost
Speed
PC Integration: Awkward antenna’s and products
Market acceptance of the technology
2000- LANs with QoS support become an industry focus due to growth of multimedia, streaming, VoIP, and home networking of broadband cable/DSL services
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

9. 802.11: FHSS vs. DSSS Technology
January 2004
802.11: FHSS vs. DSSS Technology
FHSS
Transmits by using a narrowband carrier that changes over 79 frequencies in a given pattern.
Value Propositions:
Scalability through access point roaming on different channels
interference immunity
Cost
FCC guidelines restrict from shipping anything above 10Mbps.
A Spectrum Analyzer Photo of a Frequency Hop (FH) Spread Spectrum signal
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

10. 802.11: FHSS vs. DSSS Technology
January 2004
802.11: FHSS vs. DSSS Technology
DSSS
Transmits data by “chipping code”:
Generating a redundant bit pit pattern for each bit sent
Value Propositions:
Higher throughput
echo (multi-path) resistance
wider range
Upgradeable/Scaleable
Speed currently up to 11Mbps
Vendor interoperability with the b standard
A Spectrum Analyzer Photo of a Direct Sequence (DS) Spread Spectrum signal
FHSS
Transmits by using a narrowband carrier that changes over 79 frequencies in a given pattern.
Value Propositions:
Scalability through access point roaming on different channels
interference immunity
Cost
FCC guidelines restrict from shipping anything above 10Mbps.
A Spectrum Analyzer Photo of a Frequency Hop (FH) Spread Spectrum signal
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

11. 802.11: Networks - IBSS - BSS - ESS
January 2004
802.11: Networks - IBSS - BSS - ESS
IBSS
Ad-Hoc Mode
Peer-to-Peer (Distributed Coordination Function)
When different end clients communicate directly with one another
Has been the most popular configuration
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

12. 802.11: Networks - IBSS - BSS - ESS
January 2004
802.11: Networks - IBSS - BSS - ESS
Access Point Configuration (Infrastructure Mode)
The access point plays the role of the bridge to the wired network for the peer-to-peer client (Also known as an indoor bridge)
Typical ratio of NIC:AP is 20:1 but capable of support many more
WIRED NETWORK
Server
BSS-A
BSS-B
Infrastructure Mode
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

13. Cellular like architecture
January 2004
802.11: Networks - IBSS - BSS - ESS
A set of Access Points (APs) are interconnected by a distribution system (DS) AP
Managed Mobility
Cellular like architecture AP AP
Extended Set Services (ESS) and all of its stations appear to be a single MAC layer
AP communicate among themselves to forward traffic
Station mobility within an ESS is invisible to the higher layers
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

14. IEEE 802.11a 802.11: 5 GHz Frequency Allocations for WLANs U-NII U-NII
January 2004
802.11: 5 GHz Frequency Allocations for WLANs
USA:
GHz U-NII 50 mW - Indoor only
GHz U-NII 250 mW
GHz U-NII 1 W
Europe:
GHz ETSI ETS mW - Indoors [ was designated HIPERLAN Type 1 ]
GHz ETSI EN mW - Indoors [ was designated HIPERLAN Type 2 ]
5.47 – GHZ FCC CFR 47 part mW – Indoors / Outdoors
GHz ETSI EN mW - Indoors / 1 W – Outdoors [ was designated HIPERLAN Type 2 ]
5.725 –5.875 GHz ETSI EN mW – Indoors / Outdoors
IEEE a
U-NII
U-NII
Proposed U-NII
U-NII
Japan
Japan
Europe
[HIPERLAN 1/2]
Europe
[HIPERLAN/2]
Europe
4900
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500
5600
5700
5800
5900
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

15. WLAN Performance Space
January 2004
A Look at Indoor Wireless Coverage vs. Data Rate
Data Rate
(Mbps)
54M
IEEE
802.11a
PHY
Extensions g
WLAN Performance Space
By Frequency Band, Data Rate, and Typical Range
24M
IEEE
802.11a
PHY
Extensions g
11M
IEEE b/g
PHY Extensions
5.5M
IEEE a
PHY Extensions
IEEE b/g
PHY Extensions 2M
Original IEEE PHY
Blue-
tooth*
Range
(meters) 10 30 60
100
* Bluetooth is IEEE
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

16. PT = L90 - Gm - Gb - Isd + SNR0 + [ -174 dBm/Hz + NF + 10 log B ]
January 2004
All things being equal, power will scale with channel bandwidth
PT = L90 - Gm - Gb - Isd + SNR0 + [ -174 dBm/Hz + NF + 10 log B ]
For a given distance, frequency and environment
PT - transmit power
L maximum loss to achieve a given SNR0
Gm - mobile terminal antenna gain
Gb - base antenna gain
Isd - space diversity improvement
SNR required signal to noise ratio
-174 dBm/Hz - thermal noise
NF - noise figure
10 log B x log of channel bandwidth (in Hz)
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

17. January 2004
IEEE Processes
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

18. Standards Activities Board
January 2004
802.11: Standards Organization in IEEE
IEEE Standards Association
Standards Activities Board
Sponsor
Local and Metropolitan Area Networks
(LMSC, IEEE 802)
Sponsor
802.3
CSMA/CD
Ethernet
1-100 Mbps
802.5
Token Passing
Ring
802.11
Wireless
WLAN
802.15
Wireless
Personal
Area Networks
802.16
Broadband
Wireless
Broadband Access
802.18
Radio
Regulatory
TAG
802.19
Co-existence
TAG
802.20
MBWA
IEEE : ~350 Members,
250+ supporting companies
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

19. Vehicular Environment
January 2004
IEEE Architecture
Reaffirmed
Active work in red
Completed work in yellow
2003 N
5 GHz
High Throughput I
Enhanced
Security
Mechanisms K SG
ESS Mesh
Radio Resource
Measurements E
MAC QoS
Enhancements J SG
Japan
Extensions
Wireless Access
Vehicular Environment SC
Wireless Next
Generation
MAC SG H
Fast Roaming
5 GHz
Spectrum Managed SC
Publicity SG
PHY G
2.4GHz
High Rate >20Mbps
Wireless Performance
Prediction F
Inter-Access Port
Protocol M C
2.4 GHz
Frequency Hopped
Spread Spectrum
1 Mbps
2 Mbps (optional)
2.4 GHz
Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum
1 Mbps
2 Mbps
Infra-Red
1 Mbps
2 Mbps (opt)
5 GHz
802.11a
6, 12, 24 Mbps
9-54 Mbps (opt) A
2.4 GHz
802.11b
5.5 Mbps
11 Mbps B
Maintenance D
Regulatory
Updates
Published as IEEE Standard
IEEE Std
Initial capabilities in White
1997
International Standard
ISO/IEC : 1999
Completed additions in green
1999
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

20. Medium Access Control Sub Layer
January 2004
802.11: Which Layers are Standardized?
Application
Presentation
Session
ISO/OSI Reference Model
Transport
Network }
Data Link
LLC (802.2) and Bridging (802.1)
Medium Access Control Sub Layer
Area of
Focus
Physical
Physical Layer
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

21. Standards Organizations and Industry Bodies
January 2004
802.11: Liaisons with
Standards Organizations and Industry Bodies
IEEE Wireless Personal Area Networks
OFDM Forum
Europe ETSI – BRAN HIPERLAN
IEEE 1394
&
1394 TA
IEEE
Japan MMAC/PC
Bluetooth
IEEE Wireless Broadband
5GIAG
Cable Labs
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

22. STANDARD RevCom Rejected IEEE 802 SPONSOR GROUP WORKING GROUP
January 2004
STANDARD
Passage Requires 75% or
greater approval
(Typically 95% Needed)
Finished
Approve Standard and
Verify Process Used
RevCom
Rejected
IEEE 802 SPONSOR GROUP
Review Draft,
Approve or reject
Review Draft,
Approve or reject
WORKING GROUP
Debate Technology,
Write a Draft Standard
TASK GROUPS
PAR Approved
Gain support, prepare
and submit a PAR
STUDY GROUPS
Initial Idea for
a standard or
improvement to
a standard
AD_HOC GROUPS
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

23. 4 Study Groups 4.1 Function 4.2 Formation
January 2004
4 Study Groups
4.1 Function
The function of a Study Group (SG) is to complete a defined task with specific output and in a specific time frame. Once this task is complete, the function of the SG is complete and its charter expires.
The normal function of a SG is to draft a complete PAR and five criteria (see subclause 9.2) and to gain approval for them at WG , 802 EC, IEEE New Standards Committee (NesCom) and the IEEE Standards Board. The decision of whether to utilize the WG or to establish a new WG or TAG to carry out work items recommended by a SG is made by the 802 EC with advice from the WG.
4.2 Formation
A SG is formed when sufficient interest has been identified for a particular area of study within the scope of WG The first step in the process is a call for interest. Any WG member or observer can make this at the WG opening plenary. An SG can then be initiated by 75% approval of the WG and must be approved by the 802 EC. During this approval process the 802 EC decides whether a SG is within the scope of WG , should be moved to another WG or should be set up as an Executive Committee Study Group.
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T

24. 4.3 Continuation 4.4 Study Group Operation
January 2004
4.3 Continuation
A SG exists for up to 6 months. If it has not completed its work within that time, a request must be made to the WG for an extension for up to additional 6 months. Any request for SG extension will be voted upon at the WG closing plenary.
4.4 Study Group Operation
SG follow the operating procedures for TG specified above with the following exceptions detailed below.
Study Group Meetings
SG meetings held adjunct to WG Plenary or Interim sessions count towards WG voting rights
Voting at Study Group Meetings
Any person attending a SG meeting may participate in SG discussions, make motions and vote on all motions (including recommending approval of a PAR and five criteria).
Attendance List
Since SGs may have members who are not part of the parent WG, a separate attendance list must be maintained for the meetings of the SG and will be submitted as a document to the WG Vice-Chair.
Harry Worstell, WG Vice Chair, AT&T