1. Chapter 15: African Civilizations

2. Section 1: The Rise of African Civilizations

3. A Varied Landscape Africa is the second largest continent
3 times the size of contiguous U.S.
A Varied Landscape

4. Africa contains: mountain, rivers, rainforests, and world’s largest desert
A Varied Landscape

5. Rainforest are found within central Africa
A Varied Landscape
Rainforest are found within central Africa

6. Lake Victoria–Africa’s largest lake
Lake Victoria's source is the Nile River
From Lake Victoria Africa’s 3 largest peaks can be seen

7. Mt. Kilimanjaro (located in Tanzania) is Africa’s highest peak.

8. Mt Kenya in Kenya
Mount Ruwenzori on the border of Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda.

9. Victoria Falls is a waterfall is on the Zambezi River at the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Largest waterfall based on sheet of water falling.

10. Grasslands and Deserts
Savannas: tropical grasslands dotted with small trees and shrubs

11. Sahara Desert—world’s largest desert found north of Savannas
Kalahari Desert—found south of southern Savanna

12. The Challenge of Climate
Forest and savannah have a dry season and a rainy season
Crops are planted are harvested in rainy season
Soil’s nutrients are shallow
Tilling too deep will cause soil to lose fertility
Shift cultivation used instead of plowing

13. The Challenge of Climate
No winter allows insects populations to thrive year round
Tsetse flies spread African sleeping sickness
Mosquitos spread malaria

14. Africa’s Landforms and Rivers
Plateau: an area of high and mostly flat land
Great Rift Valley:
Civilizations of Nile and
Kush developed along the Nile River.

15. Flight from the Desert Sahara was once a grassy plain
People of Sahara migrated south
9000 years ago settlement of sub-Saharan region
4000 years ago Niger River called people developed agriculture