1. Part 1: Origins of the Quiet Revolution
The Quebec Question
Part 1: Origins of the Quiet Revolution

2. Learning goals: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
describe the changes made during the Quiet Revolution in Quebec
assess the positive and negative effects of the Quiet Revolution

3. First, a video clip

4. The Hockey Sweater

5. The ‘Rocket’
Maurice ‘Rocket’ Richard was captain and scoring leader of the Montreal Canadiens
considered a hero to Quebecers
his suspension by English NHL president Campbell caused a riot in Montreal (March 17, 1955)
Became a symbol of the struggle of French Canadians in Canada

6. What’s in an ovation?

7. Duplessis’ Quebec
Quebec Premier , until he died (Union Nationale)
wanted traditional life and values
kept federal government interference to a minimum
allowed English investment in Quebec – controlled good paying jobs

8. Results of Duplessis’ rule
French Canadians did not get the education needed to be competitive in the post-war era (ex. science, engineering…)
big business belonged to English speaking Canadians
French Canadians felt like 2nd class citizens in their own country

9. The Quiet Revolution
by 1962, Jean Lesage and the Liberals promised a ‘Quiet Revolution’ in Quebec
Lesage introduces key changes:
modernized education system
joined Canada’s Medicare program
limited influence of Catholic Church on education
nationalized companies (ex. Hydro Quebec)
made French the language of the workplace
used key slogans to gain support:
‘maitres chez nous’ (masters in our own house, je me souviens (I will remember), la survivance (survival of French)

10. Outcomes of the Quiet Revolution
French Canadians realized the extent of the discrimination they had endured.
French Canadian and English Canadian relations now tense
Some felt he didn’t do enough – rise of separatist groups (FLQ bombings 1960’s)

11. The rise of the Separatist Movement(the 1960’s and 70’s)
Quebec Part 2
The rise of the Separatist Movement(the 1960’s and 70’s)

12. Learning goals: By the end of this lesson students will be able to:
explain the meaning of the term ‘separatist’
identify the events leading to the separatist movement in Quebec
assess the Canadian government’s response to the separatist movement

13. SEPARATIST MOVEMENT - wanting to make Quebec an independent country
- from ‘separate’ = to divide into parts
SEPARATIST
MOVEMENT
- wanting to leave a union or confederation
- began in the 1960’s

14. Events leading to the Separatist Movement
Quebec in the 1960’s - present

15. Expo 67
Canada (Montreal) hosts the World Fair - celebrates our centenary (100 years)
50 million visitors from 60 countries visited
French president Charles DeGaulle delivers a speech to a roaring enthusiastic crowd
“vive le Quebec libre”
viewed as a rallying cry
for Quebec separation

16. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE: Royal Commission Bilingualism and Biculturalism
Recommendations
Canada should be a billingual country
Eng & Fr. Official languages of parliament and federal courts
Results:
All suggestions are adopted, and become official
STILL NOT ENOUGH!!!

17. The FLQ Crisis!!!
a radical separatist group called the FLQ (Front de Liberation du Quebec) demands action in 1970!
kidnapped political figures
resort to murder when demands not met
Trudeau invokes War Measures Act to stop them!

18. Rise of the Parti Quebecois
Rene Levesque forms a new separatist party (P.Q.) and becomes Premier of QUE. in 1976
promises major changes!
introduces Bill 101 – the ‘sign law’
holds a referendum on Quebec sovereignty – Trudeau fights for Canada!

19. Other events in the Separatist Movement
1980 Constitution debate (Que. doesn’t sign it)
1987 Meech Lake - conference (try to change the Constitution)
1993 Charlottetown - conference (same as above)
1995 Referendum on separation – so close!!!