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Biology & Characteristics of Life 1.1
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Biology = the study of life
Organism = any individual living thing
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Biosphere: everywhere life exists Biodiversity: variety of life
-- increases from poles to equator -- is greater near the equator
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What is a species? Group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring ** It is possible, in some cases, to breed different species of organisms and produce offspring, but the offspring may be infertile.
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+ = Horse Donkey Mule (fertile) (fertile) (infertile)
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Characteristics of Living Things:
All living things are made of small units called cells Organisms may be: - Unicellular—made of only one cell - Multicellular—made of many cells
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2) All living things reproduce
2 Types: Asexual—involves only one parent cell Sexual—involves 2 parent cells called sperm & egg
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3) All living things respond and adapt to their environment
2 Types of adaptations: Short-term—dog shedding hair in summer Long-term—evolutionary change; thumbs
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4) All living things need energy
Metabolism—total of all chemical reactions that take place in an organism
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5) All living things grow & develop
Growth—increase in size only Development—internal changes that organisms undergo as they grow.
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6) All living things maintain homeostasis
Homeostasis: maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism
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7) All living organisms contain genetic information (DNA)
Genes are made of DNA. The traits that we have come from our genes. Offspring resemble their parents.
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Review: Can you list the 7 characteristics that all living things have in common?
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Unifying Themes in Biology 1.2
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There are many different branches of biology:
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An ecosystem includes living and nonliving things that interact
1) Systems System: Related parts interact to form a whole Ex. Cells tissues organs organ systems organisms An ecosystem includes living and nonliving things that interact
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2) Structure & Function Function is related to and dependent upon structure. Examples: ~ cell structure- red blood cells are small enough to fit through blood vessels ~ anatomical structure- feet designed for walking
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3) Homeostasis Stable internal conditions are maintained through automatic responses and through behavior -Ex. Temperature regulation:
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4) Evolution Evolution: gradual change in genetic makeup of a population of a species Occurs through adaptations: beneficial traits that are passed on to future generations orchid Thorn bug
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