1. Africa

3. Causes 1. Missionary 2. New Markets: 3. Control of the land
Textiles in exchange for peanuts, timber, hides, palm oil
3. Control of the land
4. European Competition (Nationalism)
5. Social Darwinism
6. New Jobs

5. European African Conquests
First to have an expansive empire:
Settled into India and Africa
Annexed the west coastal states in Africa called the Gold Coast and established a protectorate over Nigeria
France conquered West Africa
Germany controlled: Togo, Cameroon, German Southwest Africa, and German east Africa
1500’s Spanish Armada
1600’s Scotland
1700’s defeat France to control New World and control the Carribean
1800’s settle into India; Carribbean become less important as slavery is outlawed
1800’s settle into Africa and Ireland

6. North Africa Egypt controlled by the Ottoman Empire until 1805
They began to reform and modernize Egypt
Egyptians began to build the Suez Canal with the help of the French in 1854
Britain sought as much control as possible over the area when it was finish in 1869
Lifeline to India
Bought a share (part) of the Suez Canal
After suppressing a Egyptian revolt, Britain makes Egypt a protectorate
Seized the Sudan in 1898
France had colonies in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco
Italy seized Libya

7. Central and East Africa
David Livingstone: missionary in the uncharted regions of Central Africa
Spent 30 years
Disappeared and Henry Stanley a journalist (from the New York Herald) was sent to find him
Found on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika
Stanley continued Livingstone’s work along the Congo River in Central Africa
Encouraged the British to send settlers to the Congo River basin. Britain refused and asked King Leopold II of Belgium
King Leopold II was the real diving force behind the colonization of Central Africa.
Britain and Germany were the two main rivals in East Africa
Berlin Conference in separated the continent in the east for Britain and Germany

8. South Africa