1. CHAPTER 13: EASTERN EUROPE

2. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

3. LANDFORMS
Carpathian Mountains in Slovakia Balkan Mountains in Bulgaria
Dinaric Alps along Adriatic Sea
All are eastern extensions of the Swiss Alps

4. LANDFORMS
Adriatic coast exhibits KARST topography: limestone bedrock with rocky ground, caves, sinkholes, underground rivers, and absence of surface streams and lakes
Due to the soluble limestone

5. LANDFORMS Plains dominate the north (Poland and Baltic states)
Part of the Northern European Plain
Hungarian Plain: runs through Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, and western Romania

6. RIVERS
Danube River: 2nd longest in Europe; begins in the Black Forest (Germany) and empties into the Black Sea
Vistula River: largest in Poland; empties into Baltic Sea
Oder River: begins in Czech Rep.; forms part of boundary btwn Poland and Germany

7. seas Black Sea: eastern coast of Balkan Peninsula
Baltic Sea: north; btwn mainland Europe and Scandinavian Peninsula
Adriatic Sea: btwn Balkan Penin. and Italian Penin

8. Natural resources Natural gas, coal, and oil in Carpathian Mts
Poland: coal, nat gas, iron, zinc, lead, copper, silver, amber
Bauxite is abundant (used to make aluminum)

9. SECTION 2: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

10. SHATTER BELT Nickname for E. Europe
Due to constant political and territorial fracturing along ethnic lines
More likely to engage in interstate wars

11. EARLY PEOPLES Early people were called Slavs Migrated from Asia
Balkan peninsula mountains protected them from invaders
106 A.D.: Romans conquer the area and name it Romania

12. CONFLICT Balkans has long been unstable
After WWI (break up of Ottoman Empire), people left with no formal country
Yugoslavia is created, combining numerous different ethnicities in one area
BALKANIZATION: division of a region into smaller regions
Yugoslavia creation was the opposite

13. SOVIET UNION
After WWII: Eastern Europe falls under control of the communist Soviet Union
Brings about Cold War
E. Euro was a “buffer zone” for the Soviets
Provided military protection and led to different types of political, social, and economic changes

14. THE NEW ERA 1950s-1980s: periodic revolts against communists
1989: Berlin Wall falls, marking the end of Soviet control
By 1991, nationalist protests led to the secession of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, and Macedonia from Yugoslavia

15. NEW ERA CONTINUED Serbia and Montenegro remained in Yugoslavia
Led to ethnic tensions, resulting in civil war
Serbia, under Slobodan Milosevic began practicing…
ETHNIC CLEANSING: the expelling from a country or genocide of an ethnic group
Targeting Bosnia Croats and Bosnian Muslims

16. NEW ERA CONTINUED International peace keeping force responds
Milosevic overthrown
2006: Montenegro declares independence from Serbia
2008: Kosovo independence
Yugoslavia now divided into 8 countries

17. ECONOMICS Industrialized under Soviet rule Still fairly agrarian
Olives, citrus fruits, dates, grapes
Center for low-cost manufacturing of electronics