1. Imperialism Motives & Justifications
LG 4: Describe the political, economic, and social motivations for imperialism and explain the role technology played in imperialism.

2. How do you think languages like Spanish, French & English became the official business languages in these modern African Countries?

3. A Poem The White Man’s Burden
Rudyard Kipling, 1899 (British poet who spent time in British- controlled India; also wrote The Jungle Book)
Written as advice to the United States at the time of the Spanish – American War when the U.S. took control of places like the Philippines.
What do you think Kipling’s message to the USA was?
What evidence in the text justifies your answer?

4. Learning Goal 4 Motivations for European Imperialism
Describe the political, economic, and social motivations for European imperialism and explain the role technology played in European imperialism.(TEKS/SE’s 1E,8C,28B)

5. European Imperialism
Public policy of expansion and conquest followed by the European industrialized nations during the second half of the 19th century.
Primarily in Africa and Asia, Europeans established
Colonies,
Protectorates or
Spheres of influence
Often utilized military force to exert control

6. Role of Industrialization
created wealth and new technologies to conquer and control foreign lands.

7. Role of Industrialization
Industrialization allowed for mass production of commodities which in turn,
created an increased demand
for more natural resources to run the machines in the factories.
for more raw materials to produce the goods.
For example, cotton and rubber were not produced in European climate
Thus, these types of products were needed for import for industry/manufacturing
to find new sources of cheap labor to produce goods.
for new markets to sell the products.
to protect Imperial possessions (like colonies) and shipping lanes
How would you categorize this list of demands?
Political, Economic or Social?
While this was a major motivation for 19th century European Imperialism, it was not the only motive or justification for the policy.
How would you categorize Rudyard Kipling’s rationale for imperialism?

8. Technological Innovations made Imperialism Possible
Modern ships powered by steam,
Steam Engine invented by James Watt
Modern rifles, machine guns, and long-range artillery
Telegraph (invented by Thomas Edison) and Railroads
Impact→kept Imperial powers connected to conquered areas

9. Medical Advances that made 19th c. Imperialism Possible
Treatments for tropical diseases
Quinine to treat Malaria
Treatments for Yellow Fever
Prior to Quinine, European explorers were unable to survive in the interior of Africa

10. Social Darwinism
What message is the message of this poster?
What could have motivated this?
Using a pseudo science called Eugenics, social Darwinists conducted all kinds of strange tests like measure the distance of someone's forehead to try to prove that Europeans were superior to other races. 

11. Social RELIGIOUS IDEOLOGICAL
As Kipling’s poem suggests, some Imperialists believed than Non- Europeans were unable to rule themselves
Theories like Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest societies) supported the notion of European cultural, technological superiority and right to rule over “weaker” societies
Belief that Europeans had duty to “civilize” other societies
Racism: belief in European racial superiority
RELIGIOUS
Missionaries hoped to convert non-Christians to Christianity

12. Political Background
Western Europe’s balance of power was complicated by the creation of the new nations, Italy and Germany (1860s and 1870s.)
As new powers, Germany and Italy saw imperial expansion as a way to legitimize their status within Europe.
Nationalism
Traditional supremacy of Great Britain and France in Africa and Asia.
France and Great Britain were fueled to reassert their influence in light of these power shifts.
Fueled competition

13. NATIONALISM= EMPIRE BUILDING!
“All around him he saw the stirrings of a new age of colonialism; this was the era in which the future South African politician and diamond magnate Cecil Rhodes would say, ‘I would annex the planets if I could”
-King Leopold's Ghost
What is the most shocking statement in this quote? What does it signify?
Rhodes was the Englishman who founded Rhodesia in South Africa and became wealthy through diamond mines. His arrogance and racism typified European belief in white supremacy.

14. European Nationalism drives competition

15. Analyzing Motives of Imperialism
GOAL: You will be analyzing written and visual artifacts depicting European motives for empire building in the late 19th century.

16. Analyzing Motives of Imperialism
ECONOMIC:
POLITICAL:
SOCIAL:

17. Economic Motives of Imperialism
Make $$
Control foreign trade
Open up new markets
Obtain, Natural Resources, Raw materials and cheap labor
Invest for trade
Dominate commercial relations (as they did in Asia)

18. Political Motives of Imperialism
Nationalism drove nations to compete with other countries
Acquire new territories
Boost national pride
Protection of conquered lands
Acquire strategic sites for trade ports and naval bases
Exercise Military Force

19. Social Motives of Imperialism
RELIGIOUS & IDEOLOGICAL:
Spread Cultural values
Belief in Racial superiority (racism)
Belief in duty to “civilize” people in other parts of the world
Spread Christianity
Social Darwinism: “Survival of the Fittest”- only the strongest nations will survive.
Belief that all great nations should have empires controlling “weaker” nations

20. #1: Open-shaft diamond mining in Kimberly, South Africa, 1872

21. #2: A Methodist Sunday School at Guiongua, Angola, 1925

22. #3: Germans taking possession of Cameroon in 1881

23. #4: Quote from Henry Stanley in 1882

24. #5: Africans bringing ivory to the wagon in South Africa, c. 1860

25. #6: An advertisement for Pears’ Sope from the 1890s, and one stanza of the British poet Rudyard Kipling’s poem, The White Man’s Burden, written in 1899

26. #7: Mrs. Maria C. Douglas, a doctor and missionary, and the first class of pupil nurses in Burma, 1888. \

27. #8 British cartoon showing the Chinese being savaged by European powers, and the poem The Partition of China 1897

28. #9: Bagged groundnuts in pyramid stacks in West Africa

29. #10: French capture of the citadel of Saigon, Vietnam

30. #11: British Lipton Tea advertisement in the 1890s

31. #12: British cartoon “The Rhodes Colossus” showing Cecil Rhodes’ vision of making Africa “all British from Cape to Cairo” 1892

32. #13: An imperial yacht passing through the Suez Canal in Egypt at the opening of the canal in 1870

33. #14 American Attitude about Imperialism, 1898

34. #15 America’s View of European Imperialism, 1882

35. Open-shaft diamond mining in Kimberly, South Africa, 1872
Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (African labor, exploiting natural resources for profit)

36. A Methodist Sunday School at Guiongua, Angola, 1925
Imperial motives: SOCIAL: (Religious: Europeans spreading Christian values & education) or (Ideological: teaching European customs & beliefs)

37. Germans taking possession of Cameroon in 1881
Imperial motives:
POLITICAL (nationalism: flag shows national identity or desire to possess new territory, European & African leaders meeting, European military presence)

38. Quote from Henry Stanley in 1882
Imperial motive:
SOCIAL: (ideological belief in superiority of Europeans or that Europeans should “civilize” African)

39. Africans bringing ivory to the wagon in South Africa, c. 1860
Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (collecting African resources)

40. An advertisement for Pears’ Sope from the 1890s, and one stanza of the British poet Rudyard Kipling’s poem, The White Man’s Burden, written in 1899
Imperial motives:
SOCIAL (Ideological: belief in European superiority, need to “civilize” captive peoples, need to cleanse “dark corners of the earth”)
and
ECONOMIC (boats transporting goods to colonies, advertisement to sell product)

41. Mrs. Maria C. Douglas, a doctor and missionary, and the first class of pupil nurses in Burma, 1888.
Imperial motives: SOCIAL: IDEOLOGICAL (teaching European values) or RELIGIOUS (education people of other cultures)

42. British cartoon showing the Chinese being savaged by European powers, and the poem The Partition of China 1897
Imperial motives:
POLITICAL (Naiionalism: Europeans depicted as animals competing for piece of China) or
ECONOMIC (desire to trade in China to make cash) or
SOCIAL:
RELIGIOUS (Chinese depicted as heathen, calls on Christian duty to preach in China) or
IDEOLOGICAL (belief that foreigners should be “civilized” by Europeans)

43. Bagged groundnuts in pyramid stacks in West Africa
Imperial motives:
ECONOMIC (Africans transporting indigenous goods)

44. French capture of the citadel of Saigon, Vietnam
Imperial motives: POLITICAL (Nationalism & Militarism: exerting military force, battling for possession of territory, carrying flags to establish political control)

45. British Lipton Tea advertisement in the 1890s
Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (goods from Ceylon transported to London, use of indigenous labor and resources, exportation of industrial technology) or POLITICAL (Nationalism: gaining national prestige through international trade)

46. British cartoon “The Rhodes Colossus” showing Cecil Rhodes’ vision of making Africa “all British from Cape to Cairo” 1892
Imperial motives:
POLITICAL (Nationalism & Militarism- desire to control African territory, desire to boost national pride and gain power by winning colonies, desire to have military presence)

47. An imperial yacht passing through the Suez Canal in Egypt at the opening of the canal in 1870
Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (exportation of transportation methods to improve trade) or
POLTICAL (Nationalism: boosting national pride and prestige by controlling foreign territories)

48. #14 American Attitude about Imperialism, 1898
Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (import raw materials, export manufactured items to Latin American ) or
POLTICAL (Nationalism: boosting national pride and prestige by controlling foreign territories)

49. #15 America’s View of European Imperialism, 1882
Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (Britain sought control of Suez Canal in Egypt) or
POLTICAL (Nationalistic rivalry between the United States and Europe )