1. Selected Slides
Review Unit 1

2. Defining Politics Aristotle: the common struggle for the good life
Lasswell (American political scientist): the struggle for who gets what, when, and how

3. Politics: The Struggle Among Values
Liberty-Positive vs. negative
Equality-equality of opportunity vs. equality of outcome
Order: Justice, righteousness, conforming to principles or ideals about right
action

4. Two kinds of liberty
Negative Liberty: freedom from government restraint
Positive Liberty: Freedom to realize your potential as defined by government

5. What role for Government?
The Rescue of Elian Gonzalez, 2000

6. American Ideologies Liberal Conservative Libertarian More Less
Government Role in the Economy
More
Liberal
Communist
Libertarian
Conservative
Government Role
In moral affairs
More
Less
Less

7. Who Should Rule: Good and Corrupt Forms
The One: Monarchy and Dictatorship
The Few: Aristocracy and Oligarchy
The Many: Democracy and Mob Rule

8. Locke’s Social Contract Theory
The State of Nature
Natural Rights
Justification for Revolution
Justification for Representative Government
John Locke

9. The Declaration of Independence
                                             
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. --That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

10. The California Constitution
The California People: Initiatives, Referendum and Recall
Plural Executive
Governor
Lieutenant Governor
Attorney General
Secretary of State
Insurance Commissioner
Superintendent of Public Instruction
Treasurer
Controller
Quackenbush
State
Supreme
Court (7)
State Legislature
State Assembly(80)
State Senate (40)
Term limit of 12 yrs
total in one or both
Bodies (Prop 28, June 2012)

11. Liberal Democracy (Republic)
A country based on the consent of the governed (competitive electoral system)
A country that protects individual civil and political rights

12. Two kinds of Democracy
A Republic: Elected representatives make laws for the people
Direct Democracy: the People directly make laws

13. Three tools of direct democracy
Two Kinds of Propositions: The Initiative—By petition , voters (5%) put a proposed bill on the ballot for voters to approve The Referendum---By petition (5%), the people approve or reject a state law. The Recall (12%): Removing an elected official

14. The Policymaking System
The process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time.
Figure 1.4
The six items are hyperlinked to their own slide. A return button is also on the slide.
Figure 1.3

15. Who rules America?

16. Perspectives about American democracy in practice
Classical Democratic (majoritarian): majority rules through political participation
Elitism: a minority of elites rule
Pluralism: interest groups rule
Hyperpluralism

17. Stratified Pluralism: A Model of a Heterogeneous American People
_ _Elites-___
Activists
Neumann, Paradox of Mass Politics