1. Founder of modern evolutionary theory
Charles Darwin
British naturalist
Founder of modern evolutionary theory
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Biology

2. More Facts About Darwin
Naturalist on HMS Beagle in 1831
collected, studied, stored biological specimens throughout South America and South Pacific
published “On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection” in 1859
HMS Beagle
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3. Darwin’s Observations in the Galapagos Islands
Species of reptiles, insects, birds, flowering plants were unique to the islands but similar to species elsewhere
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4. Darwin’s Finches
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5. Galapagos Islands
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6. After the voyage Found that individuals struggled for existence
Competition for:
Food
Space
Predators
shelter
Food
                  
Shelter
Space
Finding mates
Predators
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7. Artificial Selection
Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits
Horses
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Dogs
Biology

8. Natural Selection A mechanism for change in populations
Occurs when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survives, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation
English moths
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9. Structural Adaptations
Mimicry
Enables one species to resemble another.
Example: Bee orchid, yellow jackets
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10. Camouflage Organisms blend with its surroundings Example: flounder
Frog
Flounder
Praying mantis
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11. Physiological Adaptations
Changes in an organism’s metabolic processes
Direct evidence for evolution
Penicillin-resistance by some bacteria
Pesticide-resistance by some insects
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12. Other Evidence for Evolution
                                          
Other Evidence for Evolution
Indirect Evidence
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13. Fossils Provide a record of early life and evolutionary history
Incomplete
Found throughout the world
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14. Anatomy Homologous structures
Structural features with a common evolutionary origin
Similar in structure, function or both
Does not always mean that two species are related
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15. Analogous structures
Any part that is similar in function but different in structure
Not used to indicate evolutionary relationship
Birds and butterflies use wings to fly
Butterfly wings made of chitin
Bird wings made of bones
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Biology

16. Vestigial structures
Body structure in a present-day organisms that no longer serves its original purpose
Probably useful to ancestor
Ex. Appendix in humans, pelvis and femur in whales
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17. Embryology
Similarities in stages of embryonic development leading to distinct organism
Ex. Frogs and humans
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19. Biochemistry Use of DNA, RNA, ATP, and comparisons More reliable
Amino acid sequence of cytochrome c differ among different species
More reliable
Indicates levels of relationships
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