1. DARWIN’S VOYAGE
IN 1831 A 22 YEAR OLD BOY , CHARLES DARWIN, AGREED TO SPEND THE NEXT 5 YEARS SAILING AROUND THE WORLD.

2. SHIPS NATURALIST ON THE VOYAGE DARWIN WAS THE SHIP’S NATURALIST.
A NATURALIST IS A PERSON WHO LEARNS AS MUCH AS THEY CAN ABOUT WHAT THEY SEE IN NATURE.
AS YOU CAN IMAGINE AS HE TRAVELLED AROUND THE WORLD HE SAW MANY UNIQUELY DIFFERENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

3. DARWINS OBSERVATIONS ARGENTINA
ARMADILLOS-ANIMALS THAT DUG TUNNELS IN THE GROUND
SLOTHS- ANIMALS THAT MOVED VERY SLOWLY AND HUNG UPSIDE DOWN IN TREES
SOUTH AMERICA
INSECTS THAT LOOKED LIKE STICKS
ANTS THAT MARCHED ACROSS THE GROUND LIKE ARMIES

4. DARWINS OBSERVATIONS
DARWIN WAS AMAZED BY ALL THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF LIVING THINGS.
TODAY SCIENTISTS HAVE IDENTIFIED MORE THAN 1.7 MILLION SPECIES OF LIVING THINGS ON EARTH
SPECIES - A GROUP OF SIMILAR ORGANISMS THAT CAN MATE WITH EACH OTHER AND PRODUCE FERTILE OFFSPRING (OFFSPRING THAT CAN REPRODUCE)

5. DARWIN’S OBSERVATIONS
ARGENTINA- HE SAW BONES OF ANIMALS THAT HAD DIED YEARS BEFORE BUT THESE BONES WERE MUCH LARGER THAN THE PRESENT ANIMALS
HE WONDERED WHY THE GIANT ANIMALS HAD DIED OFF AND ONLY THE SMALLER ONES WERE STILL ALIVE?

6. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
DARWIN WAS SURPRISED TO FIND THAT MANY OF THE BIRDS AND PLANTS FOUUND ON THE GALAPAGOS WERE SIMILAR TO THE ONES FOUND IN SOUTH AMERICA
WERE YOU SURPRISED?
HOW DID THEY GET THERE?

7. DIFFERENCES CORMORANS MAINLAND- THEY COULD FLY
GALAPAGOS- UNABLE TO FLY

9. IGUANAS
MAINLAND – SMALL CLAWS WHICH HELPED THEM CLIMB TREES (ATE LEAVES)
GALAPAGOS- LARGE CLAWS WHICH ALLOWED THEM TO HOLD ONTO THE ROCKS BY THE OCEAN (ATE SEAWEED THAT GREW THERE)

11. TORTOISES
DARWIN NOTICED THAT EVEN SIMILAR PLANTS AND ANIMALS HAD DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS FROM ONE ISLAND TO ANOTHER

14. THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS WERE FORMED FROM MELTED ROCK.
HOW DID THE PLANTS AND NIMALS GET THERE?
DARWIN INFERRED THAT A SMALL NUMBER OF THEM HAD COME FROM THE MAINLAND.
THEY MIGHT HAVE BEEN BLOWN OUT TO SEA DURING A STORM
THEY MIGHT HAVE BEEN ON A LOG THAT WAS SET ADRIFT DURING A STORM

15. ADAPTIONS
LIKE THE TORTOISES THAT WERE DIFFERENT FROM ONE ISLAND TO ANOTHER HE NOTICED THAT FINCHES ALSO LOOKED DIFFERENT
FINCH BEAKS
LONG AND SHARP- ATE INSECTS FROM TREES
SHORT AND BIG – ATE LARGE SEEDS

16. ADAPTIONS
A TRAIT OR A VARIATION (SOMETHING DIFFERENT IN A MEMBER OF A SPECIES
ADAPTION- A VARIATION IN A MEMBER OF A SPECIES THAT ALLOWS IT TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE BETTER THAN THE OTHERS.
MANY OF THEIR OFFSPRING WILL ALSO HAVE THIS TRAIT

17. DARWIN THOUGHT THIS WOULD HAPPEN SLOWLY OVER MANY GENERATIONS
EVOLUTION
WHEN AN ADAPTION IN A SPECIES SPREADS TO A MAJORITY OF THE MEMBERS WE SEE THAT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIES HAS CHANGED EVOLUTION
DARWIN THOUGHT THIS WOULD HAPPEN SLOWLY OVER MANY GENERATIONS

18. SELECTIVE BREEDING
DARWIN KNEW THAT FARMERS SELECTED CERTAIN PARENTS FOR BREEDING AN OFSPRING WITH CERTAIN DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS
INBREEDING WHEN THE PARENTS HAVE SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS
HYBRIDIZATION WHEN PARENTS HAVE DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS

19. NATURAL SELECTION
A PROCESS THAT ALLOWS THOSE INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE BETTER ADAPTED TO AN ENVIRONMENT ARE MORE LIKELY TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE OFFSPRING WITH SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS.
IT MEANS THAT NATURE HAS SELECTED WHICH MEMBERS (CHARACTERISTICS) IN A SPECIES WILL LIVE AND REPRODUCE
WHAT TYPE OF SELECTIVE BREEDING IS IT

20. HOW DOES NATURAL SELECTION WORK
OVERPRODUCTION
ALL SPECIES PRODUCE MORE OFFSPRING THAN THEY NEED. WHY?
TO GAURANTEE THAT THE SPECIES WILL SURVIVE
IF ALL THE OFFSPRING SURVIVED THEN THERE WOULD BE TOO MANY OF EACH SPECIES – SO WHAT HAPPENS

21. COMPETITION
THERE ARE ONLY A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SO THE OFFSPRING MUST COMPETE FOR THEM IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SURVIVE. WHAT ARE THEY
ESCAPE FROM PREDATORS
FOOD
LAND
A MATE
THOSE THAT ARE WINNERS ARE SELECTED BY NATURE TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE OFFSPRING WITH SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS

22. VARIATIONS
AS WE HAVE LEARNEDD , SEXUAL REPRODUCTION PRODUCES A LOT OF VARIATIONS IN THE OFFSPRING.
HAIR COLOR,HEIGHT,SKIN TONE,WIDOWS PEAK ETC.
SOMETIMES THE ENVIRONMENT CHANGES AND THOSE BEST SUITED ARE
SELECTED BY NATURE TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE OFFSPRING WITH THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS

23. SELECTION
NATURE SELECTS THOSE OFFSPRING WITH THE CHARACTERISTICS THAT MAKE THEM THE FITTEST TO
SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE OFFSPRING WITH THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS
EVOLUTION
OVER TIME NATURAL SELECTION COMBINES ALL THE TRAITS THAT ARE GOOD IN THE SPECIES AND
ELIMINATES THE ONES THAT ARE NOT

25. THE ROLE OF GENES IN EVOLUTION

26. EVOLUTION IN ACTION
FINCHES
PEPPERED MOTHS

27. HOW DO NEW SPECIES FORM
GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION

28. PANGAEA
CONTINENTAL DRIFT

29. SECTION REVIEW WHAT IS EVOLUTION?
WHAT DID DARWIN OBSERVE ON THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS THAT HE THOUGHT WAS THE RESULT OF EVOLUTION

30. EXPLAIN WHY VARIATIONS ARE NEEDED FOR NATURAL SELECTION TO OCCUR.

31. EXPLAIN WHAT GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION IS.
HOW CAN IT RESULT IN A NEW SPECIES FORMING?

32. SOME INSECTS THAT LIVE ON PLANTS LOOK JUST LIKE STICKS.
HOW COULD THIS BE AN ADVANTAGE TO THE INSECTS?
HOW COULD THIS TRAT HAVE EVOLVED THROUGH NATURAL SELECTION

33. A GROUP OF ORGANISMS WITH SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN MATE WITH EACH OTHER AND PRODUCE FERTILE OFFSPRING
A WELL TESTED CONCEPT THAT EXPLAINS A WIDE RANGE OF OBSERVATIONS

34. A TRAIT THAT ALLOWS A MEMBER OF A SPECIES TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE OFFSPRING WITH THOSE CHARACTERISTICS
THE PROCESS THAT GRADUALLY CHANGES A SPECIES OVER TIME (MANY GENERATIONS)

35. WHEN A SPECIEC PRODUCES TOO MANY OFFSPRING – WHICH RESULTS IN MANY OF THEM DYING
WHAT DO THE OFFSPRING COMPETE FOR

36. WHEN A SPECIES IS SEPERATED AND CANNOT MATE WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SPECIES. THIS OFTEN RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF A NEW SPECIES
AT ONE TIME THERE WAS ONLY ONE LARGE CONTINENT CALLED
THIS CONTINENT SLOWLY BROKE UP INTO THE CONTINENTS THAT ARE HERE TODAY- WE CALL THE PROCESS