1. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW

2. Who was the first Europeans to have contact with North America?
The Vikings

3. Him and his crew landed in present day Canada
Who was Leif Eriksson?
The son of Erik the Red
Him and his crew landed in present day Canada
Then eventually traveled farther south to perhaps what is today New England.
Stayed in North America only a couple of years due to the area being too far for other Viking settlements and constant threats from native Americans

4. Provide 3 facts about Henry The Navigator
He was from Portugal
Greatly advanced Portugal’s exploration efforts
Built an observatory and found a school of navigation
He paid for expeditions to explore the West Coast of Africa
Financed research by map makers and ship builders
* The Portuguese also made advances in ship building

5. What were some of the reasons Europeans had to explore “The New World”?
They wanted Asian spices
They wanted to spread Christianity
They wanted to learn more about Asian cultures

6. A device that helped find ships location by using the stars.
What is an Astrolabe?
A device that helped find ships location by using the stars.

7. New ships that had triangular sails
What is a caravel?
New ships that had triangular sails

8. Portugal’s exploration would have major results, including the start of the Atlantic Slave Trade

9. Provide 3 facts about Christopher Columbus
He was from Genoa Italy
He asked King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to pay for an expedition across the Atlantic
In 1492 he set sail
His three ships were the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria
At this time, Europeans called Asia the “Indies” so Columbus called native Americans “Indians” cause he thought he was in Asia.
He made three journeys to the Americas in his life.

10. What is Circumnavigate?
To go all the way around

11. What was the Columbian exchange?
European explorers took new plants and animals to Europe, Asia and Africa. This transfer became known as the Columbian exchange because it started with Columbus’ explorations. It dramatically changed the world.

12. Europeans also shipped millions of enslaved Africans to work in colonies in the new world

13. Provide at least 3 facts about the Conquistadors
They were soldiers sent from Spain
Hernan Cortes led them in expeditions to Americas
They defeated Moctezuma (Ruler of the Aztecs)
Francisco Pizarro was another Conquistador who defeated the Incas

14. Many other Spanish explorers came to North America as well
Many other Spanish explorers came to North America as well. Another was Juan Ponce De Leon. What do you know about him?
He landed on the island of Puerto Rico and discovered gold there. He conquered it and founded the city of San Juan. He later discovered the coast of what is now Florida and searched for “The Fountain Of Youth there”

15. What happened to the Spanish explorer De Vaca and his men?
They faced several problems such as a shortage of food and severe weather. Only De Vaca and three others survived. They were then captured and enslaved by Native Americans. Eventually escaped, and returned to Spain.

16. What is a plantation?
Large farms that grew just one kind of crop

17. What did Bartolome De Las Casas say the Spanish should do?
Convert Native Americans to Christianity

18. What was the Protestant reformation?
Reformers who protested some of the Catholic churches practices. It was started by Martin Luther.

19. Who was Johannes Gutenberg?
He invented the printing press

20. What was the Spanish Armada?
A huge fleet of warships meant to end English plans. But England defeated the Spanish.

21. What was the Northwest Passage?
A water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific

22. In 1524 France sent Italian captain, Giovanni da Verrazano to seek a Northwest passage.
He sailed along the coast of North America from North Carolina to Maine

23. Jacques Cartier led France’s next major exploration to North America
Jacques Cartier led France’s next major exploration to North America. He made two trips to what is now…
Canada

24. The Dutch hired Henry Hudson to find a North West passage.
He first sailed to present day N.Y then he followed a strait to the north that led to a huge bay which he called Hudson Bay.

25. The English, French, Dutch and Swedish all explored the North American continent and later established colonies there.

26. Who was the Spanish priest who suggested using enslaved Africans as workers?
Bartolome De Las Casas

27. In 1510 The Spanish government legalized the sale of slaves in its colonies.
After, slaves were bought to the Spanish and Portuguese colonies. The Dutch and English also became active in the slave trade

28. What was the Middle Passage?
The voyage across the Atlantic ocean that slaves were forced to endure.

29. What is a Diaspora?
The scattering of people all around the world.