1. Sexual Reproduction of the Flowering Plant Adapted from Biology Resource CD, 2009 Dept. of Education Orla Bergin

2. Structure of the flower

4. Structure of the flower
Petal
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Anther
Filament
Carpel
Stamen

5. Structure of the flower
Petal
Stamen
Nectary
Carpel
Sepal
Discover Science, 2009

6. Stigma
Anther
Style
Filament
Ovary
Discover Science, 2009

7. Stigma
Anther
Style
Filament
Ovary

8. http://www. mzephotos. com/gallery/flowers/corn-poppy
Accessed 19 March 10

9. Function of floral parts
Petals :
To attract insects to the flower for pollination

10. Function of floral parts
Stamen : To produce the pollen grains in the anthers.

11. Function of floral parts -Stamen
Anther
Produces pollen
Filament
Holds the anther in place

12. Function of floral parts
Carpel : To produce the egg

13. Function of floral parts - Carpel
Stigma
Where pollen lands after pollination
Style
Pollen travels down this
Ovary
Contains ovules (eggs)

14. Pollination

15. Pollination
Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower of the same species

16. Pollination Self pollination
Transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of the same plant
Cross pollination
Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a different plant of the same species

17. Methods of pollination
Animal Pollination
Wind Pollination

18. Adaptations for animal (insect) pollination
Petals brightly coloured, scented with nectaries
Small amounts of sticky pollen
Anthers inside petals
Stigmas sticky, inside petals

20. Adaptations for wind pollination
Petals small, not coloured brightly
Anthers outside petals
Stigmas large, feathery and outside petals
Pollen Large numbers, light, dry and small

21. Adaptations for wind pollination
Stamens hang outside flowers
Large, feathery stigmas to catch airborne pollen
Image adapted from
Discover Science, 2009

22. Stages of reproduction in flowering plants
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed and fruit formation
Seed dispersal
Germination

23. Video : Pollination
Accessed 20 March 2010

24. Fertilisation

25. Fertilisation Fertilisation is the fusion of the
male (n) and female (n) gametes
to produce a zygote (2n)
The pollen grain produces
the male gametes
Embryo sac produces
an egg cell (female gamete).

26. Stigma
Style
Ovary

27. Pollen Grain

28. Pollen grain
Pollen tube

30. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYgsWOpeniQ Accessed 22 March 2010
Video:
Fertilisation
Accessed 22 March 2010

31. Learning Check Fertilisation is the fusion of the
male (n) and female (n) gametes
to produce a zygote (2n)
The pollen grain produces
the male gametes
Embryo sac produces
an egg cell (female gamete).

32. Seed formation

33. Seed Formation Ovary becomes fruit Fertilised egg becomes the seed
3N endosperm nucleus
2N Zygote
Ovary becomes fruit
Fertilised egg becomes the seed

34. Parts of the Seed e.g. Broad Bean
Seed coat (testa)
Food Store
Plumule
Radicle

35. Broad Bean Seed
Testa
2 Cotyledons

36. Learning check The zygote grows to form an embryo
An embryo consists of:
a plumule
(future shoot),
a radical
(future root)
food stores needed for germination
3N endosperm nucleus
2N Zygote
Ovary becomes fruit
Fertilised egg becomes the seed

37. Stages of reproduction in flowering plants
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed and fruit formation
Seed dispersal
Germination

38. Fruit formation Seedless fruits Fruit and seed dispersal

39. Fruit Formation
The egg becomes the seed
The ovary becomes the fruit

40. Fruit Formation
A fruit is a mature egg that may contain seeds

41. Fruit and seed dispersal
Need for dispersal
Minimises competition for light, water etc.
Avoids overcrowding
Colonises new areas
Increases chances of survival

42. Types of dispersal
Wind
Water
Animal
Self

43. Methods of dispersal Wind Sycamore and ash produce fruit with wings
Dandelions and thistles produce fruit with parachute devices
Both help the disperse the seeds more widely using wind

44. Methods of dispersal Water
Light, air filled fruits that float away on water
E.g. coconuts, water lilies

45. Methods of dispersal Animal Edible fruit
Animals attracted to bright colours, smells and food
Seed passes through digestive system unharmed
E.g. strawberries, blackberries, nuts

46. Methods of dispersal Animal Sticky fruit
Fruits with hooks that can cling to the hair of an animal and be carried away
E.g. burdock, goose grass

47. Methods of dispersal Self
Some fruits explode open when they dry out and flick the seed away
E.g. peas and beans

48. Stages of reproduction in flowering plants
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed and fruit formation
Seed dispersal
Germination

49. Germination
The growth of a seed into a new plant

50. Germination – Factors necessary
Water
Oxygen
Suitable temperature

51. 1. ToInvestigatetheConditionsNeededforGermination(16
1.ToInvestigatetheConditionsNeededforGermination(16.1) Germination – Factors necessary?
Water
Oxygen
Suitable temperature

52. Materials and Apparatus Used: Four test tubes, cotton wool, oil, cress seeds
How would you remove?
Water
Oxygen
Suitable temperature
What other tube might you set up?

53. (a)Why are mustard seeds used for this experiment?
(b)Why would you place several seeds in each test tube, and not just one?
(c)Why is it necessary to include tube A, which has all the necessary conditions for germination - water, oxygen and heat?
(d) Explain how oxygen is removed from the seeds in tube C?
(e) Heat is removed from test tube D by placing it in a ______________?

54. Activity 8 page 23

55. Activity 8 page 23

58. What do you expect to see?

59. Events in Germination
Plumule
Radicle
Food supply

60. Events in Germination Plumule Radicle
The radicle (baby root) breaks through the testa.
The radicle grows down to form the root.
The plumule (baby shoot) grows up to form the shoot.
Plumule
Radicle

61. Germination of broad bean.
Plumule
(Young Shoot)
Testa
(Seed Coat)
Food Supply
Radical
(Young Root)
Side
Roots

62. Review the plant life cycle2
pollen is transferred 3
After fertilization flower withers 1
seeds develop in ovary 4
seeds disperse and germinate into new plant 4

63. Bibliography
Discover Science. John Cullen, 2nd Edition. Mentor Book, 2009.
Leaving Certification Biology Resource CD
Corn Flower image:
Accessed 19 March 10
Pollination video:
Accessed 20 March 2010
Fertilisation Video:
Accessed 22 March 2010

64. END