1. Section 31-4 “Immunity-Technology”

2. State Standards
10. Organisms have a variety of mechanisms to combat disease. As a basis for under-standing the human immune response:
C. Students know how vaccination protects an individual from infectious diseases

3. KEY CONCEPT Living in a clean environment and building immunity help keep a person healthy

4. Many methods are used to control pathogens
Antibiotics and antiseptics cause pathogens to burst

5. Antiseptics kill pathogens outside of the body
do not target specific pathogens
examples include vinegar and soap
Antibiotics kill pathogens inside the body
target one specific bacterium or fungus
not effective against viruses

6. These bacteria spread the gene, making the antibiotics useless
Antibiotic resistance can cause medicines to become ineffective
Some bacteria in a population have genes that make them immune to antibiotics
These bacteria spread the gene, making the antibiotics useless
A bacterium carries genes for antibiotic resistance on a plasmid.
A copy of the plasmid is transferred through conjugation.
Resistance is quickly spread through many bacteria.

7. Vaccines artificially produce acquired immunity
Vaccines also control pathogens and disease
given to prevent illness
contain the antigen of a weakened pathogen

8. stimulates a specific immune response
Vaccination provides immunity
stimulates a specific immune response
Antigens in a vaccine trigger an immune response, and memory B cells are made. 1
memory B cells
A memory B cell is stimulated when the real pathogen binds to it. 2
causes memory cells to be produced
The B cell quickly activates and makes antibodies that fight the pathogens before you get sick. 3
allows immune system to respond quickly to infection
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has such a fast response, a person will not get sick