1. EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
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2. The Circulatory System
There are two different circulations of blood within the body:
Pulmonary – circulation of blood between heart and lungs. Takes de-oxygenated blood to lungs to refuel with oxygen.
Systemic – circulation of blood between the heart and body. Ensures oxygenated blood is distributed to muscles of the body.
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3. Three types of blood vessels in the body:
Arteries – thick-walled vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure.
Capillaries – thin-walled vessels that oxygen and nutrients can move through to cells, and carbon dioxide can move into from cells.
Veins – thin-walled vessels which carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart at low pressure. Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
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4. Circulatory System
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5. Blood performs four key features in the body:
Transportation of oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide and wastes.
Temperature control.
Fluid balance to keep tissues hydrated.
Protection against infection.
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6. The Heart Pumps blood around body.
4 chambers: upper 2 chambers called atria, bottom 2 are called ventricles.
Blood leaves the heart from the aorta; from there it goes to muscles and organs where they use the oxygen carried in the blood.
Blood returns to heart and lungs to be re-oxygenated.
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7. The Heart
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8. Animated Heart
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9. The Heart During exercise muscles require more oxygen.
Therefore the heart has to work faster by beating more times per minute and pump more blood out with each beat.
The heart beats with enough force to propel blood around the body.
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10. The Heart Heart Rate (HR) = Number of heart beats per minute.
Stroke Volume (SV) = The amount of blood ejected by the heart per beat. Measured in litres (L).
Cardiac Output (Q) = The amount of blood ejected by the heart per minute. Measured in litres/per minute (L/min).
Q = SV x HR
Calculate the cardiac output for an athlete with a SV of 85mL and HR of 155 b/min.
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11. The Heart Answer: Q = SV x HR = 85/1000 x 155 = 13.2L/min
NOTE: SV had to be converted from ml to L.
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12. Respiratory System
The lungs, mouth, throat and nose make up the respiratory system.
Major function is to bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.
Oxygen is inhaled down through the bronchi and into the aveoli of the lungs, where it then diffuses into the blood.
Carbon dioxide and other wastes are transferred from the blood to the lungs and out of the body.
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13. Respiratory System
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14. Respiratory System
During exercise breathing occurs faster and more deeply, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled and transferred to working muscles via the circulatory system.
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15. THE END
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