1. The Cardiovascular System11
The Cardiovascular System

2. Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid artery
Superior vena cava
Left subclavian artery
Right pulmonary artery
Aortic arch
Ligamentum arteriosum
Ascending aorta
Left pulmonary artery
Pulmonary trunk
Left pulmonary veins
Right pulmonary
veins
Left atrium
Auricle of left atrium
Right atrium
Circumflex artery
Right coronary artery
in coronary sulcus (right
atrioventricular groove)
Left coronary artery in
coronary sulcus (left
atrioventricular groove)
Anterior cardiac vein
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Great cardiac vein
Marginal artery
Anterior interventricular
artery (in anterior
interventricular sulcus)
Small cardiac vein
Inferior vena cava
Apex
(a)
Figure 11.3a

3. B. Major Arteries of System Circulation
1. Aorta
a. Largest artery in the body
b. *Heart Region attached to:
c. *Regions– all Regions of the Aorta have arterial branches that then go to specific body regions
*Ascending aorta: location
*Aortic arch: location
*Thoracic aorta: location
Goes through Diaphragm
*Abdominal aorta: location

4. Major Arteries of System Circulation …
2. Arterial branches of Aorta
*Right & left coronary arteries
*Amount of O2 in blood:
*Delivers blood to:
b. Right & Left Common Carotid Arteries
Location:
Amount of O2 in blood:
Delivers blood to:

5. Aorta Arterial Branches …
c. *Gastric Arteries– supplies:
d. *Common Hepatic Artery– supplies:
c. Mesenteric Arteries (Superior and Inferior)– supplies
d. *Renal Arteries—supplies:
3. Right & Left Common Iliac arteries
End of Aorta, it splits into
Supplies:
Femoral Arteries
- location and supplies:

6. Figure 11.13 Arteries of the head and trunk Internal carotid artery
External carotid artery
Common carotid arteries
Vertebral artery
Arteries that supply the upper limb
Subclavian artery
Subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Aortic arch
Axillary artery
Ascending aorta
Coronary artery
Thoracic aorta
(above diaphragm)
Brachial artery
Celiac trunk
Abdominal aorta
Superior mesenteric
artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Renal artery
Gonadal artery
Deep palmar arch
Superficial palmar arch
Digital arteries
Inferior mesenteric artery
Arteries that supply the lower limb
Common iliac artery
External iliac artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Internal iliac artery
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
Arcuate artery
Figure 11.13

7. C. Major Veins of Systemic Circulation
1. *Superior vena cava
*Amount of O2 in blood
*Body region drained:
2. *Inferior Vena Cava
3. *Coronary Sinus & Cardiac Veins
4. Veins draining into the Superior Vena Cava
*Jugular veins (Internal & External):

8. Major Veins of Systemic Circulation …
4. Veins draining into the Inferior Vena Cava: the following drain regions that the arteries of the same name took blood to
b. Hepatic Veins
d. Renal Veins
c. Gastric and Mesenteric Veins
Drain into the Hepatic Portal Vein
and then to the Liver and then to
Hepatic Veins
5. Left & Right Common Iliac Veins
Region Drained
Femoral Veins– region drained

9. Figure 11.14 Veins of the head and trunk Dural venous sinuses
External jugular vein
Vertebral vein
Internal jugular vein
Veins that drain the upper limb
Subclavian vein
Right and left
brachiocephalic veins
Axillary vein
Superior vena cava
Cephalic vein
Brachial vein
Great cardiac vein
Basilic vein
Hepatic veins
Splenic vein
Hepatic portal vein
Renal vein
Median cubital vein
Superior
mesenteric vein
Ulnar vein
Radial vein
Inferior
mesenteric vein
Digital veins
Veins that drain the lower limb
External iliac vein
Inferior vena cava
Femoral vein
Common iliac vein
Great saphenous vein
Popliteal vein
Internal iliac vein
Posterior tibial vein
Anterior tibial vein
Small saphenous vein
Dorsal venous arch
Dorsal metatarsal veins
Figure 11.14

10. D. Fetal Circulation
1. Blood flow differences: bypasses the lungs & Left Heart
Why?
2. Foramen Ovale:
Fossa Ovalis in adult
3. Ductus Arteriosus:
Ligamentum Arteriosum in adult

11. Fossa Ovalis
ligamentum arteriosum

12. Umbilical arteries (2)—carry carbon dioxide and wastes Branch from:
Fetal Circulation …
4. Fetal Nutrition:
a. Placenta
b. Umbilical cord:
Umbilical arteries (2)—carry carbon dioxide and wastes
Branch from:
Umbilical vein—carries nutrients and oxygen
Drain into:

13. Superior vena cava
Ductus arteriosus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Foramen ovale
Inferior vena cava
Hepatic vein
Ductus venosus
Inferior vena cava
Hepatic portal vein
Umbilical vein
Fetal umbilicus
Aorta
Common iliac artery
Umbilical cord
External iliac artery
Internal iliac artery
Umbilical arteries
Urinary bladder
KEY:
High oxygenation
Moderate oxygenation
Low oxygenation
Very low oxygenation
Placenta
Figure 11.16

14. E. Physiology of Blood vessels 1. Pulse
= Pressure wave of blood as heart contracts and relaxes; same as heart rate
a. *Pressure Points: define
Wrist
Upper neck
b. Pulse averages 70 to 76 beats per minute at rest

15. Superficial temporal artery
Facial artery
Common carotid artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Posterior tibial
artery
Dorsalis pedis
artery
Figure 11.19

16. 2. Blood Pressure: BP
*= define
a. Measured in mmHg
Systolic: describe
Diastolic: describe
Average: 120/80 mm Hg
b. *Sphygmomanometer: define

17. c. Factors that affect BP:
i) Cardiac Output:
Water content
Heart rate
ii) Peripheral Resistance = friction blood encounters as it flows through vessels
Diameter of the blood vessels
Constricted, then Resistance ____________
And BP ______________
Dilated, then Resistance ____________
And BP _____________

18. iii) Other Factors
Age-- older ____________ BP
Weight– too much 
Exercise– not enough 
Body position-- standing
Emotional state– stress & fear
Foods Eaten– amount of salt
d. Control of Blood Pressure
Circulatory System via Nervous System
Excretory System via hormones

19. 1. Abnormal Blood Pressures
F. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
1. Abnormal Blood Pressures
i) Hypotension
Low systolic: below 100 mm Hg
Usually in the elderly
ii) Hypertension
High systolic: above mm Hg
High diastolic: above 90
Result:

20. F. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System …
2. Atherosclerosis

21. END

22. Blood pressure 120 systolic 70 diastolic (to be measured) Brachial
artery
(a) The course of the
brachial artery of
the arm. Assume a
blood pressure of
120/70 in a young,
healthy person.
Figure 11.21a

23. Pressure
in cuff
above 120;
no sounds
audible
120 mm Hg
Rubber cuff
inflated with
air
Brachial
artery
closed
(b) The blood pressure
cuff is wrapped
snugly around the
arm just above the
elbow and inflated
until the cuff
pressure exceeds the
systolic blood
pressure. At this
point, blood flow into
the arm is stopped,
and a brachial pulse
cannot be felt or
heard.
Figure 11.21b

24. Pressure
in cuff
below 120,
but above 70
120 mm Hg
70 mm Hg
Sounds
audible in
stethoscope
(c) The pressure in the cuff
is gradually reduced
while the examiner
listens (auscultates) for
sounds in the brachial
artery with a
stethoscope. The
pressure read as the
first soft tapping
sounds are heard (the
first point at which a
small amount of blood
is spurting through the
constricted artery) is
recorded as the systolic
pressure.
Figure 11.21c

25. Pressure
in cuff
below 70;
no sounds
audible
70 mm Hg
(d) As the pressure is
reduced still further,
the sounds become
louder and more
distinct; when the
artery is no longer
constricted and blood
flows freely, the
sounds can no longer
be heard. The
pressure at which the
sounds disappear is
recorded as the
diastolic pressure.
Figure 11.20d