1. Topic 10 IB-Core-Marquez
Organic Chemistry
Topic 10
IB-Core-Marquez

2. 10.2 Functional Group Chemistry
Things to note
Alkanes are less reactive than alkenes and tend to react via radical substitution
Alkenes undergo addition reactions. Br2(l) is used to distinguished between alkane and alkene
Alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution with acids. They can oxidized, go through esterification and condensation
Haloalkenes are more reactive than alkanes and undergo nucleophilic substitution.
Polymers are composed of repeating monomers
Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution and the benzene ring itself is very stable.

3. Alkanes
Combustions
____C3H8(g) + ____O2(g) ____CO2(g) + _____H2O(g) Complete (excess O2)
____C3H8(g) + ____O2(g) ____CO(g) + _____H2O(g) Incomplete (limited O2)
____C3H8(g) + ____O2(g) ____C(s) _____H2O(g) Incomplete (extreme O2)
Increase in C:H ratio with unsaturated hydrocarbons = increase in smoke b/c of unburned C(s)
Increase in particulate = increase in global dimming (smog)

5. Alkane Substitution Reaction
UV light is used to initiate the reaction
The reaction becomes a chain reaction.
NO UV UV

6. Alkene Addition reactions
Hydrogenation
Bromine water to test for saturation

7. Halogens
Halogen Halides

8. hydration

9. Polymerization of Alkenes

10. Alkene Reaction Summary

11. Alcohols
Combustion

12. Oxidation: Use of an oxidizer like K2Cr2O7 (acidified).
Cr+6 (orange) to Cr+3 (green) as the alcohol oxidizes.
Oxidizer is at times symbolized as +[O]

13. Esterfication
Condensation (release of water, making bond)