1. WHAPPING 2.1
The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions, c. 600 B.C.E. to c. 600 C.E.

2. 2.1.1: Codification and Development of Religious Traditions Provide Bonds and Ethical Codes.
Jewish Monotheism & Hebrew Scriptures
Vedic Religions in India

3. Judaism
Abraham and migration
Various conquests and diasporas

4. Hinduism Development over time Vedas, including Bhagavad-Gita
Effect on entire socio-political spectrum
Caste, Dharma, Karma, and reincarnation
Varieties of Hinduism prevent a fully unified culture

5. 2.1.2: New Belief Systems Emerge and Spread
Buddhism
Confucianism
Daoism
Christianity
Greco-Roman Philosophy

6. Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama, Ganges River Valley
Comparisons to Hinduism; differences
Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path
Ashoka’s role in expansion
Theravada and Mahayana variants

7. Confucianism Confucius and The Analects
Supports traditional Chinese emphasis on balance in nature and the Mandate of Heaven
Hierarchy and reciprocity within the Five Relationships

8. Daoism Laozi, 6th century B.C.E. Reflective, not active citizenship
Simplify and find harmony with nature
Compatible with Confucianism despite differences

9. Christianity Jesus of Nazareth, 1st century C.E., Judea
Appeals to poor (like Buddhism)
Spread by followers, especially Paul
Constantine and Edict of Milan 313 C.E.
Theodosius I and Roman state religion

10. Greco-Roman Philosophy
Greek Religion’s vague ethics
Wisdom
Courage
Temperance
Justice
Philosophers
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Emphasis on reason over spirituality

11. 2.1.3: Belief Systems’ Impact on Gender Roles
Codified patriarchy: Confucianism and Hinduism
Monasticism: Christianity and Buddhism
Filial Piety: Confucianism
Continued Traditions: All of them

12. 2.1.4: Other Religious Traditions
Shamanism and Animism: Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia, the Americas
Ancestor veneration: Sub-Saharan Africa