1. Electrode Measurements – Ch 15
Applications to potentiometric titrations, pH electrodes, quantitative measurements using ion-selective electrodes, etc.
There are electrodes available for each of the 4 titration categories covered in this class:
Acid-base – pH electrodes
Precipitation – Ag/AgCl electrode, Ag+ specific ion electrode
Complexiometric – Ca2+ specific ion electrode
Redox – Pt electrode, Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE)

2. Potentiometric Titrations (Sec. 10-4) Finding the Endpoint Numerically
1st der. =
2nd der. =

4. How Ion-Selective Electrodes Work (Sec. 15-3 – 15-5)
Ideally responds to only the analyte ion in a solution. Produce a voltage because of a charge difference that develops inside and outside of the electrode.
A. Liquid-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes

5. Ca2+ Ion-Selective Electrode

6. Valinomycin is used in K-electrodes

7. Valinomycin

9. pH Measurement with a Glass Electrode

11. Acid and Alkaline Errors of pH Electrodes

12. B. Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes

13. Electric Potential Difference for an Ion-Selective Electrode
e.g. pH electrode

14. Detection Limits and Interferences
Pb limit of detection =