1. Bellringer
Who led the Committee of Public Safety? A)Louis XVI b)Maximilien Robespierre c)Napoleon Bonaparte d)Jean-Paul Marat

2. Bellringer
Who led the Committee of Public Safety? A)Louis XVI b)Maximilien Robespierre c)Napoleon Bonaparte d)Jean-Paul Marat
What happened to each
Of them?

3. What happened to each Of them?
Maximilien
Robespierre
Napoleon
Jean-Paul Marat
Louis XVI
Exiled to Saint Helena an
island in the South Atlantic
Guillotined
Stabbed in the chest
While soaking in the bath
Guillotined

4. Primary Sources: Reign of Terror
Today- Objective- The Age of Napoleon Part 1
Understand Napoleon’s rise to power and why the French strongly supported him.
Explain how Napoleon built an empire and what challenges the empire faced.
Primary Sources: Reign of Terror

5. Terms and People
plebiscite – a popular vote by ballot
Napoleonic Code – the code of laws created under Napoleon that embodied enlightenment principles of equality, tolerance, and freedom
annex – add territory to an existing state, country, or empire
Continental System – a form of economic warfare that closed European ports to British goods; the foreign policy in which Europe adopted Napoleon’s reforms
Rosetta Stone- a stele/slab found in Egypt by Napoleon’s troops that led to the translation of hieroglyphics

6. Terms and People (continued)
guerrilla warfare – a form of warfare using
hit-and-run raids
scorched-earth policy – when the movement of an army includes burning crops and villages to make it difficult for the enemy to follow
abdicate – step down from power
Congress of Vienna – a meeting of heads of state within Europe after Waterloo to restore stability and order in Europe

7. This Napoleon
Not This Napoleon

8. Explain Napoleon’s rise to power in Europe, his subsequent defeat, and how the outcome still affects Europe today.
Napoleon rose to power in the midst of near-chaos in France. His successes on the battlefield along with his strong governmental control encouraged a French nationalism that brought Europe to its knees.
Napoleon’s laws were spread throughout Europe during the expansion and remain important in many countries today.

9. The Directory 1795- new plan of government created
Upper-middle class with a two house legislature & an executive body of five men
Napoleon Bonaparte part of that executive body

10. Drove British forces from Toulon Won victories against the Austrians
Napoleon Bonaparte was a military hero who rose quickly through the army. He favored republican rule and the Jacobins.
1793
Drove British forces from Toulon
Won victories against the Austrians
Captured most of northern Italy
1798
Lost in Egypt, but hid news of his worst losses by censoring the press
1799
Overthrew the Directory and set up a three-man governing board known as the Consulate 10

11. The Rosetta Stone was discovered by French troops under Napoleon in Egypt

12. When Napoleon helped create
the Consulate, he became First Consul.
In 1802, Napoleon became consul for life.
Two years later, he crowned himself Emperor of the French.
At each step, Napoleon had held a plebiscite and been strongly supported by the French people.

13. What is a plebiscite?

14. What is a plebiscite?
a popular vote by ballot

15. Napoleon restored order and prosperity and strengthened the central government. He:
His policies gained him support among all social classes. He:
Made peace with the Church(concordat)
Encouraged émigrés to return
Recognized peasants’ right to lands they had gained
Opened jobs to all based on talent
Controlled prices
Encouraged industry
Built roads and canals
Set up public schools

16. The code embodied Enlightenment principles.
His most lasting reform was a new code of laws known as the Napoleonic Code.
Napoleonic Code
Equality of all male citizens before the law
Religious toleration
Abolition of feudalism
The code embodied Enlightenment principles.
But women lost most of their rights of citizenship.
Napoleonic Code – the code
of laws created under
Napoleon that embodied
enlightenment principles of
equality, tolerance, and freedom
Louisiana is the only
US state that has been
Influenced by the Napoleonic Code.

17. From 1804 to 1812, Napoleon successfully battled most of Europe and created an empire.
France annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany.
Napoleon cut Prussian territory in half and abolished the Holy Roman Empire.
He placed his own relatives on some European thrones.

18. Napoleon’s greatest victory was at the Battle of Austerlitz
Napoleon defeated a Russo-Austrian army

19. Britain was the only major European power to remain outside of Napoleon’s empire.
The British navy smashed the French fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, ending Napoleon’s plans to invade Britain.
The British were under the command of
Admiral Horatio Nelson

20. Napoleon then imposed the Continental System to close European ports to British goods.
The blockades created some hardships but Britain was able to maintain its trade routes in India and the Americas.
Continental System – a form of economic warfare that closed European ports to British goods; the foreign policy in which Europe adopted Napoleon’s reforms

21. The Peninsular War- Spain &Portugal
Many Europeans who had welcomed the ideas of the French Revolution saw Napoleon and his army as oppressors.
In Spain, people resisted reforms that undermined the king and the Catholic Church.
Napoleon placed his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne
Nationalism in occupied countries created revolts and patriotic resistance through
guerrilla warfare.

22. See Page
214

24. Next What do you think the painting is communicating?
The painting is entitled the Third of May by Francisco de Goya. Goya sought to commemorate Spanish resistance to Napoleon's armies during the occupation of 1808 in the Peninsular War
What do you think
the painting is
communicating?
Francisco de Goya

25. View the video. Write down insights about the painting.
What impact do you think
the painting had towards
Spanish nationalism?

26. Reign of Terror: Primary Sources
Read the sources on the Reign of Terror & complete the worksheet

27. Next- Worksheet
Complete the 8 questions. Answer in complete sentences. (pages or use a computer) Complete the crossword puzzle

28. Bellringer
What was Napoleon’s greatest victory? a)Austerlitz b)Trafalgar c)Toulon d)Waterloo

29. Bellringer
What was Napoleon’s greatest victory? a)Austerlitz b)Trafalgar c)Toulon d)Waterloo

30. Trafalgar Square, London

31. Today-Objective: The Fall of Napoleon
1.What was Napoleon’s greatest mistake? 2.What was the Hundred Days? 3.What was Napoleon’s final battle? 4. What was the Congress of Vienna?

32. French Revolution in a nutshell

33. Napoleon’s disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars.
The tsar initially supported Napoleon but ended up withdrawing from the Continental System.
When Napoleon attacked, the retreating Russian army used a scorched-earth policy that made it impossible for Napoleon’s army to survive on what they left.
Faced with the brutal Russian winter, Napoleon retreated, losing most of his army. Russia, Britain, Prussia, and Austria formed an alliance against France.

35. In 1813, the newly created alliance defeated Napoleon in the Battle of the Nations.(or Leipzig)
Napoleon abdicated in 1814 and Louis XVIII was recognized as king of France.
Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba. A tiny island in the Mediterranean

36. Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba
Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba. A tiny island in the Mediterranean

37. After a year in Elba Napoleon returned to Paris
Napoleon’s return to power lasted only 100 days.
The Hundred Days was a brief period of renewed glory for Napoleon & return to power after exile
On June 18, 1815, British and Prussian forces dealt him a crushing blow at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium
Napoleon was forced to abdicate a second and final time.
The final defeat and exile of Napoleon ended the period of the French Revolution.

38. The 100 Days

39. Napoleon was defeated at The Battle of Waterloo
The final battle saw Napoleon against British troops led by the Duke of Wellington
Napoleon was exiled to the tiny island of Saint Helena in the south Atlantic

40. Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena an island in the South Atlantic

41. Napoleon’s legacy affected not only France, but the rest of Europe and the Americas.
Within France
Abroad
Created Napoleonic Code
Expanded suffrage
Ensured rights to property and education for more citizens
Failed to make Europe into a French empire
Sparked nationalist feelings across Europe
Created a new Germany
Sold the Louisiana Territory and doubled the size of the United States

42. Video: Napoleon: Life in Cartoon

43. After the Battle of Waterloo, diplomats and heads of state at the Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe.
Create a balance of power
Protect the system of monarchy
Prevent French expansion
Their chief goal was to create a lasting peace while preserving the old order. They wanted to:

44. The architects of peace promoted the principle of legitimacy and restored monarchies in nations throughout Europe.
Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Britain formed the Quadruple Alliance to protect the new order.
They pledged to act together to maintain the balance of power and suppress revolutionary uprisings.

45. The Congress of Vienna Negotiators Metternich
Lord Castlereagh of Great Britain
Czar Alexander I of Russia
Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand of France
Metternich
Distrusted democracy and political change
Dominated the congress, wanted to restore the balance of power
Goals for Other Decision Makers
Make sure France could not rise again to such power
Put down revolution wherever it might appear
Remove traces of French Revolution and Napoleon’s rule

47. Redrawing the Map National borders New Countries Process France’s loss
Congress changed many borders
Wanted to strengthen nations surrounding France
New Countries
Union of the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands as the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Austria and 38 German states in German Confederation
Process
Countries that aided France lost territory
Countries that fought France gained territory
Talleyrand arranged trades
France’s loss
Was not allowed to keep any conquered territory
Boundaries back to 1792
Forced to pay indemnity, or compensation for damages

49. Metternich
Talleyrand
The creation of the Concert of Europe enabled the powers to meet periodically to address any new problems affecting the peace of Europe.
The Vienna statesmen created a general European peace that lasted for 100 years.
However, they did not foresee how nationalism would shake the foundations of Europe and Latin America in the next decades.

50. Next- Group Presentation or complete Reign of Terror
Remember the Ugly French revolution/Napoleon Shirt/Sweater Due Thursday or friday