1. Ideologies and Revolutions 6. 1
Ideologies and Revolutions GLOBAL REVOLUTIONS Analyze the causes and global consequences of Revolution POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS Analyze the Age of Revolutions
A Call for a Change

2. 1: An Age of Ideologies
Focus Question: Compare and contrast political ideologies after the Industrial Revolution?

3. THINK—PAIR—SHARE What is an IDEOLOGY? Give an example.
1: Write on your own.
2: Discuss with elbow partner.
3: Share with class.

4. The Congress of Vienna
♦Napoleon swept across Europe,
taking much of
Europe under his
control.
♦The Congress of
Vienna—decided what happens
to Europe after Napoleon.

5. Conservatives ♦Conservatives -are the “winners” at the Congress of
Vienna.
- favor the “old order”—they want
little change.

6. ♦Monarchs and their officials, Noble land
Conservatives
♦Monarchs and their officials, Noble land
owners and Church leaders
-Believed that if change
must come, it must come
slowly

7. Congress of Vienna Hat Check

8. ♦Liberals- Wanted governments based on - Governments’ roles
written constitutions and separation of powers.
- Governments’ roles
was to protect basic rights—
freedoms of speech, thought,
and religion.

9. ♦Believed that only male
Liberals—1800s
♦Believed that only male
property owners
should have the
right to vote
♦Believed in capitalism
and the ideas of
Adam Smith

10. Liberals—Included: ♦Liberals were: - Business Owners - Bankers
- Lawyers
- Politicians
- Newspaper editors
and writers

11. ♦Wanted to create their own
Nationalists
♦People of common
heritages set out to
win their own states
♦Wanted to create their own
“homeland”

12. Central Europe--Revolutionaries
♦Serbia
- controlled by Ottomans—Muslim/Arabs
-Slavic people who were also Orthodox -
autonomy was supported by Russia

13. Greece and the Ottomans
♦Greeks-1821
Start revolting- backed
by many Europeans
♦1830- Greece was
independent, but were
forced into accepting a
German king

14. 2: Revolutions of 1830 & 1848
Focus Question: What were the causes and effects of the revolutions in Europe in 1830 & 1848?

15. ♦Louis XVIII- he is King
French Revolution of 1830
♦Louis XVIII- he is King
issues the Charter of French Liberties - a
constitution of limited monarchy

16. ♦Louis XVIII ♦Charles X dies in 1824 and is replaced
by his brother, Charles X.
♦Charles X
rejected the idea of a charter,
since he was a strong believer
in absolutism.

17. - Liberals and radicals - revolt, forcing a fearful
♦July 1830, Charles X
- suspends the legislature, limited the right to vote, and restricted the press.
- Liberals and radicals
- revolt, forcing a fearful
Charles X to abdicate.

18. Louis Philippe Becomes King
♦Louis was a cousin of
Charles X.
- A constitutional monarchy was
put in place.
♦Louis becomes known
as the “citizen king”

19. Belgium
♦Congress of Vienna
united Belgium (Catholic)
with the Netherlands, which
was Protestant.
♦Belgium won its
independence
--Liberal constitution

20. ♦Poland was split in the 1700s by Russia, Austria, and Prussia.
Rebels in Poland
♦Poland was split in the
1700s by Russia, Austria,
and Prussia.
♦Rebels tried, but
were unsuccessful
in trying to reunite
Poland.
--Stopped by Russia

21. ♦Discontent existed with Louis Philippe’s government.
French Revolutions of 1848
♦Discontent existed with
Louis Philippe’s
government.
♦A recession was
taking place.
♦Bread prices had
risen.
♦Newspapers blamed Louis.

22. ♦Government wanted to -
“February Days”
♦Government wanted to -
silence critics & prevent public meetings.
Troops clash with
demonstrators.
Louis Philippe abdicates.

23. ♦Upper and Middle class interests had won control of the government.
“June Days” –1848
♦Upper and Middle class
interests had won
control of the
government.
♦Workers revolted-
- leaving many dead before they were crushed.

24. ♦New government created after “July Days” gave more people suffrage.
Napoleon III
♦New government created
after “July Days”
gave more people
suffrage.
Suffrage- the right to
vote.

25. Napoleon III ♦An election is held and the winner of President is Louis
Napoleon (Napoleon Bonaparte’s
Nephew!)
By 1852, Napoleon III had
declared himself emperor
of France.

26. ♦Napoleon enjoyed economic prosperity during his reign.
Napoleon III
♦Napoleon enjoyed economic prosperity during his reign.
- Like his uncle, Napoleon III started
to dominate much of Europe.

27. Napoleon III
♦Although Napoleon III
had a lot of success
at home, his
foreign endeavors
would bring him
to his down-fall.

28. European Revolutions of 1848
♦The revolution in France
caused others to
take place.
♦In Austria, Metternich
was forced to flee.
♦Journalist Louis Kossuth led
a revolt in Hungary.

29. Other Revolts
♦There were revolts
in Italy—the pope
was even expelled—
later returned.
♦The loosely-allied
German states also
had revolts.

30. Results of 1848 Revolutions
♦Some reforms did
take place.
♦However, most
reforms were very
modest and did not
last very long.

31. Section 3: Latin American Revolts
Who were key revolutionaries in Latin America and what did they do?
What is an overall result of Latin American revolutions?

32. Social and Ethnic Structure
Peninsulares = highest social class
Spanish-born
Creoles = second-class
European descendent Latin Americans
Mestizos denied rights of whites
Native American and European decent
Mulattoes also denied status
African and European decent
Native Americans suffer economic misery
Enslaved Africans worked plantations

33. Haitian Revolution Slaves were overworked and underfed
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Self-education former slave
Led revolt
Slavery abolished
1802 – Haitian independence

34. Mexican Revolution
Most of Spanish-America did not want their way of life threatened
Father Hidalgo, creole priest, cries out for Mexican freedom
Captured and executed
Father Jose Morelos continues the fight
liberals force king to issue a constitution (Independence)

35. South American Revolutions
Motivated by Napoleon’s occupation of Spain, Simon Bolivar and followers ignite revolutions in S.A.
Led an uprising to free Venezuela
Joined forces with Jose de San Martin
Helped Argentina gain independence from Spain
Dom Pedro leader of independent Brazil
Only after his Portuguese family left him in charge!
Accepted a constitution and went from monarch to president!

36. Latin American Independence
Overall…
Most countries gained independence, but they were not democratic
Ruled by limited monarchs (constitutional)
Countries in disorder after revolution
Recovery after war
Looking for leadership

37. What impact did the Industrial Revolution and other Revolutions have on the world?

38. Effects of Revolutions
Important ideas supported by writer and philosophers
Popular sovereignty
Nationalism
Inalienable rights
Increase in power of the people
Created technology which fueled Industrial Revolution
New machines lowered cost of goods
Military strength determined economic & political status

39. What was imperialism? How did Nationalism effect the world?

40. Consequences of Nationalism
Newly democratic countries
Competed for status through industrial power, military power, and land reform
Redistribution of land to lower classes
Decrease in power of ruling class
Examples: Mexico, Haiti, Philippines