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How are people governed around the world?
Political Systems How are people governed around the world?
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Monarchy Sovereignty resides with a single individual – the monarch
Forms vary widely Level of legal autonomy of the monarch Selection of the monarch Limits on length of tenure Usually few legal restraints Example: Louis XIV
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Constitutional Monarchy
Form of democratic government Monarch acts as nonpolitical head of state Boundaries within the constitution Written or unwritten May hold formal reserve powers Do not set public policy Do not choose political leaders Example: Queen Elizabeth & Co.
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Oligarchy Power rests with a small number of elites
Royalty Wealthy Family ties Education Religious or military control Controlled by a few prominent families Example: Russian Federation (multinational corporations have HUGE political power)
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Authoritarian Regime Absolute rule & obedience to an authority
Restrict individual freedoms 4 qualities Constraints on political institutions Basis for legitimacy based on emotion (against a necessary evil) Constraints on the mass public Formally ill-defined executive power Extreme version: totalitarianism Difference is that social & economic institutions do exist that are not under government control in authoritarianism Examples Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan – democratic government with authoritarian tendencies Joseph Stalin – totalitarian dictator Fidel Castro – former ruler of Cuba
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Democracy All eligible citizens participate equally
Directly or indirectly through elected representatives Define “citizen” Propose, develop, and create laws Originates from the Greek “rule of the people” Two basic forms Direct democracy – eligible citizens have direct & active participation in political decision-making Representative democracy – power of the whole body of citizens is exercised through elected representatives Examples United States Netherlands Japan
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