1. BRAZIL
The Struggle for Unity, Economic Modernization and Upward International Mobility:

4. Regions of Brazil

5. REGIONS I The heartland The south (15% population, 17% GDP, 7% area)
(Southeast - 42% population, 60%GDP, 11% area)
The south (15% population, 17% GDP, 7% area)
The center-west ( 8% population, 6% GDP, 25% area)

6. Regions of Brazil

7. REGIONS II the north (6% population, 3% GDP, 40% area)
the northeast (29% population, 13%
GDP 18% area)

8. PEOPLE Amerindians Portuguese African-Brazilians Japanese
Other Europeans
Spanish
Germans
Italians

9. Road to INDEPENDENCE (1808 – 1824)
Portuguese Court taken by British fleet to Rio de Janeiro
Centralization under Joao VI
End of the Napoleonic Wars
British aid Brazilian Independence

10. Empire (1824-1889) Primacy of British Economic Influence
Plantation Economy
Coffee
Cacao
Sugar
Issue of Slavery
French Orientation of Royal Court
Conspiracy of the Fazenderos  

11. First Republic
Much of imperial court transfers loyalties and remains in the national elite
Decentralization
The Coffee Economy
Shift to São Paulo
Reinvestment of profits from coffee
Dominant States
São Paulo
Minas Gerias
Rio Grande do Sul
Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca, 1st President of Brazil ( )

12. Rise of Getúlio Vargas The revolution of 1930
São Paulo revolt ( )
O Estado Novo ( )
Populist
Military support at the beginning

13. Brazilian Participation in World War II leads to downfall of Vargas
Brazilian army fights in the Italian Theatre
Initial performance discredits Vargas with the armed forces s
Returning military overthrows Vargas
Beginning of alienation between United States and the Brazilian left

14. Second Republic: Democracy Frustrated (1946-1964)
Constitution of 1946
Modeled on U.S. constitution
Structure so as not to threaten the large land owners of the Northeast
Political Parties
UND
PSD
PTB
Regional - local parties

15. Second Republic: Vargas Returns (1951-1954)
Vargas: “The Last Hurrah”
Vargas wins as candidate of PTB
Military officer corps remains suspicious
Efforts to advance social revolution frightens the middle class
Military exercises its “Mediating power”

16. Juscelino Kubitscheck Builds Brasilia – 800 miles from the coast

17. Brasilia: Modern Latin American Capital City

18. Janio Quadros President: 31 January 1961 - 25 August 1961
Reform governor of São Paulo
First “UDN candidate” to be elected president
Resignation after less than one year i office
Surprises the military
Frustrates UDN
Weakens the democratic regime

19. João Goulart in power 1961-64)
Temporary switch to parliamentary system
Goulart assumes full power (1962)
Efforts to create a pro-Vargas majority
Courting peasants in the Northeast
Strengthing labor-based infrastructure of the PTB
Courting the urban poor
Anti-American nationalism

20. End of the Second Republic
Pressures for Military Intervention
Conflictual social polarization
Middle class fears of workers
Attempt to divide the military along officer – enlisted lines
Role of the United States government

21. Coup of April 1, 1964 Humberto Castelo Branco assumes power
Military demobilizes potential opponents
President Goulart flees to Uruguay
Key elected officials of PTB removed from office
Demobilization portrayed as temporary