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Replication Transcription Translation
DNA Replication Transcription Translation
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So far, DNA has been pretty straightforward…
This power point will hopefully help ease the confusion that can come with replication, transcription, and translation….
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REPLICATION The process a cell uses to make copies of DNA
1- The 2 strands of original DNA (parent) separate- (unwind, or unzip…) 2- Bases on each side are used as a pattern, so complementary nucleotides are added (base A adds T, T adds A, G adds C, and C adds G, ) 3- When done, there are 2 new identical strands of DNA- (daughter DNA) one made from each side of the original DNA strand
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What is RNA? RNA is a copy of a portion of a strand of DNA that contains instructions on how to build proteins. There are 3 types of RNA- each has a special function. mRNA- messenger RNA rRNA- ribosomal RNA tRNA-transfer RNA Bases- cytosine and guanine still pair, but adenine pairs with uracil (no thymine in RNA)
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TRANSCRIPTION When a cell needs a set of instruction for making a protein, it makes an RNA copy of the needed part of the DNA. 1- The 2 DNA strands in a gene for a needed protein unzip. 2- A complementary strand of RNA is made from one strand of the DNA using the partner bases- (remember adenine now pairs with uracil). This is called messenger RNA mRNA.
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TRANSLATION The information from mRNA is translated and used to build proteins
1- A ribosome attaches to an mRNA strand 2- mRNA is fed through a protein making assembly line in the ribosome 3- tRNA (transfer RNA) enters and matches up to 3 complementary bases on the mRNA and delivers a specific amino acid. 4- The genetic code determines the order that the amino acids are delivered to ribosomes 5- The amino acids join together to make a protein.
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One last word… Mutation
A change in the number, type, or order of bases Deletion- a base is left out Insertion- an extra base is added Substitution- one base replaces another-****most common type of mutation**** Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.
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