1. COMMUNICATION
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2. The word Communication is of Latin origin, derived from the Latin word communicare, which means to share or exchange information, news, views etc.
MEANING

3. Communication can be defined as the exchange of information, ideas, and knowledge between sender and receiver through an accepted code of symbols. It is termed effective only when the receiver receives the message intended by the sender in the same perspective.
DEFINITION

4. ESSENCES OF COMMUNICATION
personal process
occurs between people
involves change in behaviour
means to influence others
expression of thoughts and
emotions through words & actions.
tools for controlling and motivating people.
it is a social and emotional process
ESSENCES OF COMMUNICATION

5. MEDIA OF COMMUNICATION
Written
Oral
Visual
Audio-Visual
Computer based
MEDIA OF COMMUNICATION

6. Types of Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Intrapersonal Communication
Extra Personal Communication
Group Communication
Mass and Media Communication
Types of Communication

7. Interpersonal Communication:
This happens between two (or more than that) people.
When one person communicates with another using words and symbols we call it interpersonal communication.
The success of this communication depends on the familiarity of knowledge, background and experience of the individuals involved.
Interpersonal Communication:

8. Intrapersonal Communication
‘Intra’ means ‘within’
It is talking to one’s own self without the involvement of a second person or party.
Electrochemical and electro technical activities of bodily sense are involved.
Eyes: transmitter, Central nervous system: medium, brain: receiver and activation of muscles gives feedback.
Intrapersonal Communication

9. Extra Personal Communication
Communication between human beings and animals, inanimate objects and their surroundings.
The sender may use words but may receive response in the form of gestures.
Extra Personal Communication

10. It is an extension of interpersonal communication where more than two individuals are involved in exchange of ideas, skills and interests. 
A group is a number of people with a common goal who interact with one another to accomplish their goals, recognize one another’s existence and see themselves as part of the group. 
Group Communication

11. Mass and Media Communication
This mode is followed when we communicate with large groups.
Electrical/mechanical devices can be used to send the message.
The channel could be newspaper, radio, TV, video, internet etc.
Mass and Media Communication

12. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication is a process whereby information is encoded, channelled, and sent by a sender to a receiver via a medium.
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

13. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
Growth: Due to the emergence of multinational companies, large business houses those operate both within and outside the country demand people with good communication skills. It helps in the growth of organisations.
Complexity: In the age of specialization, when a single organization has various activities like planning, advertising and financing etc. they need good communicators to co-ordinate with each other. In a complex situation like this clarity in communication is an essential factor.
Competitiveness: The better the communication skills of a professional more are the chances to win the competition in the market.
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION

14. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION CONTD.
Harmony: Proper communication brings harmony in the organisation. Without a proper communication between individuals and departments no harmony can be expected.
Understanding and cooperation: If there exists good communication between the management and employees, it will bring about an atmosphere of mutual trust and confidence. Through effective communication employees get job satisfaction and sense of belongingness towards the organisation.
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION CONTD.

15. CYCLE OF COMMUNICATION
The communication process is cyclic in case of a two way interaction. The cycle of communication includes:
1. Sender and idea
2. encoding the idea into a message
3. Transmission of the message
4. Decoding of the message by the receiver
5. Receiver’s feedback
CYCLE OF COMMUNICATION

16. Sender Message Channel Receiver Channel Feedback Message
Communication cycle
Sender Message Channel Receiver
Channel Feedback Message
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18. OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNICATION
Information
Advice
order
Suggestion
Persuasion
Education
Warning
Motivation
Raising morale
OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNICATION

19. To be understood
To be accepted
To get something done
To understand others

20. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
Clarity of thought and expression
Completeness
Conciseness
Consideration
Courtesy
Correctness
Concreteness
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

21. Types of Communication
Communication can be divided in many ways:--
Purpose a. Personal
b. Professional I. Informal i Grapevine
II. Formal
i Internal operational
ii External operational
2. Movement a. Upward
b. Downward
c. Lateral or Horizontal
d. Diagonal
Types of Communication
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22. 3. Number of persons a. Single
b. A specific group
c. Masses
4. Media a. Verbal
i. Oral
ii written
b. Non verbal
i. sign language
ii. Body language or Kinesics
iii. Proxemics
iv. Chronemics

23. Informal Communication
Grapevine - The term grapevine communication is often used interchangeably with the term informal communication. Grapevine is an informal network through which communication travels in an organization.
Informal Communication

24. Advantages of Grapevine
In general Grapevine is –
Not expensive
Rapid
Multidirectional
if carefully cultivated , is capable of resolving conflicts
voluntary and unforced
Advantages of Grapevine

25. Disadvantages of Grapevine
If information is blindly accepted it may-
reveal some degree of error
be harmful in case it is baseless and imaginary
lead to misunderstanding because it is imaginary.
Cause damage to the organization because of its excessive swiftness at time
Disadvantages of Grapevine

26. Formal Communication Internal Operational Communication
The communication that takes place within an organisation at various levels for the effective functioning of the organisation is termed as Internal Operational Communication
External Operational Communication
Communication that takes place between a manager and external groups such as - suppliers, vendors, banks, financial institutes etc.
For instance - To raise capital the Managing director would interact with the Bank Manager.
Formal Communication

27. Flow of Communication Downward Communication Upward Communications
Lateral or Horizontal Communication
Diagonal Communication
Flow of Communication

28. Flow of Communication Managing Director Finance Manager F1 F2
Sales Manager S1 S2
Production Manager P1 P2
Flow of Communication

29. Upward Communication Flows to a higher level in an organization
Provides feedback on how well the organization is functioning
Non-directive in nature
Examples: Grievance Redressal System, Complaint and Suggestion Box, Job Satisfaction surveys etc.
Upward Communication

30. Downward Communication
Flows from a higher level in an organization
In other words, it is the communication from superiors to subordinates in a chain of commands/instructions.
 Used by the managers to transmit work-related information to the employees at lower levels
Directive in nature
Downward Communication

31. Lateral/Horizontal Communication
It takes place among people at the same level.  
It is time saving.
It facilitates co-ordination of the task.
 It facilitates co-operation among team members.
 It provides emotional and social assistance to the organizational members.
 It helps in solving various organizational problems.
It is a means of information sharing.
 It can also be used for resolving conflicts of a department with other department or conflicts within a department.
Lateral/Horizontal Communication

32. Diagonal Communication
Communication that takes place between a manager and employees of other workgroups.
For instance - To design a training module a training manager interacts with an Operations personnel to enquire about the way they perform their task.
Diagonal Communication

33. Face to face Telephonic conversation Video conference Meetings Conferences Interviews etc.
Verbal Communication
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34. Non Verbal Communication
i. Sign Language
ii. Body language or Kinesics
A. Posture
B. Gestures
C. Eye Contact
D. Facial Expressions
E. Appearance
iii Proxemics
iv Chronemics
Non Verbal Communication