1. History, Types and General Characteristics of Cells
Packet #10
Chapter #3
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2. Cytology
Cytology is the study of cells.
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3. Cell Theory Various scientists arrived at three major thoughts
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
All cells come from preexisting cells
These three thoughts became known as the cell theory.
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4. The Discovery Cells discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665
However the subcellular structures could not be seen--the organelles
It wasn’t until the 1950’s, with the invention of the electron microscope that cell biology really took off
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5. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
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6. Introduction of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
The discovery of cells, and their components, led to the distinction between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
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7. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes are structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells.
Lack organelles found within eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane and typically a cell wall.
In prokaryotes, DNA is located in the nuclear area or nucleoid.
Prokaryotes have smaller ribosomes.
Chlorophyll may be present but no chloroplasts.
Do not reproduce via cellular sexual reproduction
They are classified as organisms.
Cells reproduce by other asexual means
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8. Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic II
Eukaryotic Cells
Membrane bound organelles are present
Nucleus and nuclear membrane are present
Chlorophyll, when present, is contained in chloroplasts
Ribosomes are larger
Cell wall is present in some eukaryotic cells
Mitosis and meiosis occurs
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9. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
No distinct nucleus
No chromosomes
Circular strands of DNA known as plastids
No membrane bound organelles
Ribosomes are smaller
No mitosis or meiosis occurs
Distinct, membrane-bounded nucleus
Chromosomes present on which DNA is located
Chloroplasts and mitochondria may be present
Ribosomes are larger
Mitosis and/or meiosis occurs
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10. TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Plant cells vs. Animal Cells
TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS
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11. Eukaryotic Cells
Most organisms are eukaryotes and are composed of eukaryotic cells.
There are two basic types of eukaryotic cells
Plant cells
Animal cells
Organisms
Prokaryotic
Prokarytic Cells
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Nerve cells
Muscle cells
Blood cells
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12. Plant Cell
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13. Animal Cell
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14. Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell
Similarities
Differences
Both Eukaryotic Cells
Have membrane bound organelles
Plant cells are “generally” larger than animal cells
Plant cells have a cell wall of cellulose
Adds stability and protection to the plant cell
Plant cells have vacuoles
That are used as space fillers
Fulfills digestive functions in plants--similar to lysosomes that are also found in animal cells.
Animal cells have centrioles
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15. Review
Tuesday, November 13, 2018