1. 13/11/2018
Cells
Please note – some of the animation effects used here only work in PP XP

2. Cells Lesson Objectives
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Lesson Objectives
Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell
State the functions of the structures found in the plant cell and animal cell.

3. Plant cells vs. Animal cells
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Cell wall – provides support
Cytoplasm - a jelly like substance where the reactions happen
Nucleus (and nucleolus) – The “control centre” of the cell
Chloroplasts – contain chlorophyll
Cell Membrane – holds the cell together
Large Vacuole – contains sap

4. What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
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1. Draw the diagrams of plant and animal cells on page 18 and label them
2. Draw and fill in the table on page 18 to show the differences

5. More cell structures
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Both plant and animal cells contain other structures.
The cytoplasm of all cells contains:
Ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum (not in prokaryotes)
Mitochondria (not in prokaryotes)
Vesicles
Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria and cells with a high rate of metabolism need lots of mitochondria to provide enough energy.

6. 13/11/2018
Ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum

7. Jobs of each part of the cell
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Each part of the cell has a different function
Copy and complete the table on page 19
(quiz PowerPoint – whiteboards needed)

8. Prep
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Complete Euglena worksheet

9. Specialised Cells Learning objectives
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Learning objectives
Relate the structure of specialised cells to their functions
Be able to draw and label liver cells and palisade mesophyll cells

10. Recap from last lesson Animated PowerPoint quiz on cell structure
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Animated PowerPoint quiz on cell structure

11. Red blood cells transport oxygen
cytoplasm contains no nucleus
cell surface membrane
allows more room for haemoglobin
cytoplasm contains haemoglobin
bi-concave disc shape
haemoglobin is a protein which carries the oxygen molecules
increases surface area over which absorption of oxygen can occur

12. Muscle cells contract and enable movement of the body
Muscle cells have many nuclei
The strands of protein slide over each other making the muscle cell (fibre) shorter and causing the muscle to contract
nucleus
cell surface membrane
protein strands

13. Ciliated cells move bacteria and dust away from the lungs
Cilia are small extensions of the cell. They beat rhythmically to sweep mucus, which has trapped bacteria and dust, away from the lungs
nucleus
magnification X3000

14. Xylem vessels transport water and minerals up the plant
xylem vessels are continuous tubes
xylem vessel
no cytoplasm
hollow: allows for continuous flow of water and dissolved mineral ions
lignin
water-proof and strong;
helps support the plant
longitudinal section
cross-section

15. Root hair cells absorb minerals and water from the soil
Cross-section of a root hair cell
semi-permeable, so will allow water and mineral ions into the cell
cell membrane
cytoplasm
contains no chloroplasts as no photosynthesis is needed
root hair
increases surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions

16. Sperm cells
Strong tail for swimming
Vacuole containing enzymes

17. 13/11/2018
Summary questions
page 21, questions 1 and 2

18. Levels of organisation
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19. LOs Define the terms tissue, organ and organ system
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Define the terms tissue, organ and organ system
Describe examples of the above that occur in plants and animals

20. Tissues and organs Basically, all living things are made up of cells…
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Basically, all living things are made up of cells…
Muscle cells
Muscle tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

21. Key words Tissue – similar cells working together in the same way
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Tissue – similar cells working together in the same way
Organ – groups of tissues working together
System – a group of organs working together
Example
Digestive system – made up of oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver and intestines

22. Plant tissues and organs
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A group of CELLS makes up a TISSUE
A group of TISSUES makes up an ORGAN
A group of ORGANS makes up a ORGAN SYSTEM
A group of ORGAN SYSTEMS make up an ORGANISM

23. Answer questions 1,2 and 3 on page 23
Summary Questions
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Answer questions 1,2 and 3 on page 23

24. Prep
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How is a palisade mesophyll cell adapted to carry out photosynthesis? (look at page 23 to help you)
Answer the past paper question

25. Size of specimens
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Be able to calculate magnification and actual size of biological specimens using millimetres as units
Be able to make a clear labelled drawing of a specimen from a photograph

26. Working out actual size of a cell
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Actual size = image size
magnification
Magnification = image size
Actual size
When measuring biological specimens or photographs always measure in millimetres.

27. Answer the question on page 260
Example
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Answer the question on page 260
Complete 2 past paper questions

28. Past paper question to complete
Prep
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Past paper question to complete