1. Chemical & Biological Defense Program S&T Overview
Dr. Charles Gallaway
Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense
Chemical & Biological Defense Directorate, DTRA
25 April 2005
APBI 2005
11/13/2018 9:12 AM

2. Outline
Overview
Program Transformation
Business Opportunities

3. JSTO is an integral member of the CBDP Team
Combatant Commanders
Services
OSD provides oversight
Required
Capabilities
Joint Requirements Office (JRO)
Prioritized Needs
JFOCS
Test &
Evaluation
S&T Gaps
Solutions
Joint Science & Technology Office DTRA/CB
Joint Program Executive Office (JPEO)
Mature Technologies

4. Mission Develop and sustain a robust, agile, and
flexible science and technology program to support chemical and biological defense capability needs
Transition
Technologies
Answer
Science
Questions
Maintain
Robust
Tech Base
Mission Space
Maneuvering warfighters
Installation protection
Homeland defense
Global war on terrorism

5. CBDP S&T is… Technically challenging Scientifically diverse
Exceedingly high customer expectations
No "silver bullet" solutions
Scientifically diverse
Numerous and disparate disciplines
Distinct chemical and biological solutions

6. We reach out to the best-in-class performers
Academia
Industry
Service Labs/Agencies
FFRDCs
National Labs

7. President’s budget request reflects significant increase to S&T
$(M)

8. CBDP S&T Funding Funding in Program Element Space Funding for FY06
Medical S&T
Physical S&T
*FY $409M
*As of FY06 President’s Budget

9. We redirected the S&T program toward…
Earliest warning
Detection
Medical diagnostics & surveillance
Battlespace Awareness & Information dissemination
Broad spectrum medical countermeasures
Pretreatment
Therapeutics
“How clean is safe?”
Decontamination
Low-Level toxicology
Environmental fate of agent

10. Detection
Objective: Develops a real-time capability to detect, identify, quantify, and track the presence of all CB warfare agent threats at physiologically significant levels.
Challenges:
Signatures that can be used to distinguish threat agents from the background
Algorithms that rapidly and reliably distinguish threat agent signatures from a complex background
Excitation sources and photomultipliers that extend ranges, but minimize size, weight, cost and power consumption

11. Medical Diagnostics & surveillance
Objective: develop FDA-approved systems to identify/confirm exposure to BW agents, ideally before symptoms occur.
Challenges:
Development of field deployable hand-held instrumentation
Identifying appropriate physical and chemical variables, biomarkers and parameters for ensuring accuracy and sensitivity of the analytical process
Identifying suitable gene targets based on bioinformatics
Immuno-
diagnostics
Rapid
Nucleic
Acid
Analysis
Sampling
&
Specimen
Processing
Classical
Microbiology
Clinical
Diagnosis or
Medical
Intelligence
Other

12. Battlespace Analysis & Integrated Early Warning
Objective: Develop information technology tools that integrate threat information, CB sensor and reconnaissance data, protective posture, environmental conditions, medical surveillance, with dispersion and operational effects models to warn affected personnel without impacting on operations elsewhere.
Challenges:
CBRN hazards on complex, urban terrain and fixed sites
Integration of non-CBR and non-sensor data
Applicable expert and artificial intelligence systems
Human effects, small unit behaviors and low level/long-term exposures in CB environment
Atmospheric Transport Ship/Urban Transport

13. We redirected the S&T program toward…
Earliest warning
Detection
Medical diagnostics & surveillance
Battlespace Awareness & Information dissemination
Broad spectrum medical countermeasures
Pretreatment
Therapeutics
“How clean is safe?”
Decontamination
Low-Level toxicology
Environmental fate of agent

14. Pretreatment
Objective: Develop vaccines and other pre-exposure treatments against validated chemical and biological threat agents.
Challenges:
Identifying the specific pathogen components required to elicit a protective immune response
Developing appropriate animal model systems to demonstrate efficacy
Development of a catalytic nerve agent bioscavenger

15. Therapeutics
Objective: Develop FDA-licensable drugs to treat personnel exposed to validated biological and chemical warfare agents. Augment existing nerve agent chemical defense countermeasures with improved neuroprotection and anticonvulsant compounds.
Challenges:
FDA requires demonstration of efficacy in animal model
Vesicant and nerve agents have multiple host effects to protect against
Rapid acting therapies needed for viral threats
Ricin and botulinum toxin modes of action are intracellular

16. We redirected the S&T program toward…
Earliest warning
Detection
Medical diagnostics & surveillance
Battlespace Awareness & Information dissemination
Broad spectrum medical countermeasures
Pretreatment
Therapeutics
“How clean is safe?”
Decontamination
Low-Level toxicology
Environmental fate of agent

17. Damage to Polycarbonate Headlamp Cover
Decontamination
Objective: Develops technology to remove and/or detoxify/neutralize contaminated material without damaging combat equipment, personnel, or the environment.
Challenges:
Removing or detoxifying chemical agents bound in porous matrices to a standard below low-level toxicological thresholds
Decontaminant material compatibility and environmental safety
Logistical supportability (minimize quantity and variety of decontaminants required)
Damage to Polycarbonate Headlamp Cover
Before
After

18. Low-level toxicity
Objective: Perform cross-validation studies for exposure route comparison that refine operational human health risk assessments. Assess short-term effects of CW agents following a range of low-dose exposures for varying durations to improve estimates of impact on human operational readiness.
Challenges:
Generation and maintenance of stable exposure conditions
Cross validation of routes of exposure and species
Inhalation/Injection/ Percutaneous
Animal models to human extrapolation
Communicating complex and variable data in an ORM framework

19. Environmental fate of agent
Objective: Measure and understand the physicochemical processes on agents on surfaces in order to predict their persistence and fate in operational scenarios.
Challenges:
Developing methodologies for high-precision delivery, sampling, and measurements of small quantities of highly toxic materials
Developing novel methodology for measuring surface contamination
Managing a complex set of surfaces, agents, and environmental conditions to measure
Understanding the effects of scaling; from laboratory, to wind tunnel, then field tests
Assessing predictive modeling accuracy from limited CW agents outdoor field test facilities
McNamara Glove Box Facility (MGBF)

20. Doing Business with JSTO
Broad Area Announcements
Annual
Tailored
MARS
Advanced Concepts Technology Demonstrations (ACTDs)
Chemical & Biological Defense Initiative Fund (CBDIF)
Transformational BW Countermeasures solicitation
Small Business Innovative Research (SBIRs)

21. Contacting the Joint Science & Technology Office for CB Defense
Also through the DTRA website