1. syntax
(SENTENCE STRUCTURE)

2. Simple Sentence (independent clause)
ARTICLE +
SUBJECT +
VERB
(COMPLETE THOUGHT)

3. what is an article? the a an
These define nouns as specific or unspecific
the a an
After the long day, the cup of tea tastes great.
After a long day, a cup of tea tastes great.

4. make a cool sentence!
The wombat wobbled.

5. The wily wombat wobbled weirdly.

6. In the wilderness, the wily wombat wobbled weirdly toward the river.

7. In the wilderness, the wily wombat, a furry fellow unfortunately named Dexter, wobbled weirdly toward the river.

8. In the wilderness, the wily wombat, a furry fellow unfortunately named Dexter, wobbled weirdly toward the river as the monsoon zoomed through the pale Australia sky.

9. In the wilderness, the wily wombat, a furry fellow unfortunately named Dexter, wobbled weirdly toward the river as the monsoon zoomed through the pale Australia sky, the wind whipping the waves, the rain streaming down upon the parched land like confetti, the light fading into an ominous darkness.

10. Simple Sentence (iNDEPENDENT CLAUSE)
ARTICLE +
SUBJECT +
VERB
(COMPLETE THOUGHT)

11. SIMPLE SENTENCE (INDEPENDENT CLAUSE)
The wombat wobbled.

12. compound Sentence , + + SIMPLE SENTENCE coordinating conjunction
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

13. The wombat wobbled, and the kangaroo kicked.
compound sentence
The wombat wobbled, and the kangaroo kicked.

14. complex Sentence INDEPENDENT CLAUSE DEPENDENT CLAUSE +
Cannot stand alone in a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought

15. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
dependent clause
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
SUBJECT
VERB + +
Cannot stand alone in a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought

16. subordinating conjunctions

17. The wombat wobbled until the snake left.
complex sentence
The wombat wobbled until the snake left.

18. compound-COMPLEX Sentence+ +
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
May contain additional independent clauses.

19. Compound-complex sentence
The wombat wobbled, but the kangaroo kicked until the snake left.

20. absolute phrase
ADD DESCRIPTION
NOUN
ADJECTIVE
(or PARTICIPLE)
MODIFIERS) (+ +
Her expression was dejected. Sarah trudged into the room.
Her expression dejected, Sarah trudged into the room.
Her expression dejected after being turned down, Sarah trudged into the room.

21. PARTICIPLE

22. absolute phrase
Legs quivering, our old dog Gizmo dreamed of chasing squirrels. Her arms folded across her chest, Professor Hill warned the class about the penalties of plagiarism. We devoured Aunt Lenora's carrot cake, our fingers scraping the leftover frosting off the plates

23. appositive phrase Renames another noun right beside it!
The insect is crawling across the floor.
The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the floor.
The insect, a large cockroach, is crawling across the floor.
The insect, a large cockroach with hairy legs, is crawling across the floor.
The insect, a large, hairy-legged cockroach that has spied the cat’s food, is crawling across the floor.

24. TO + SIMPLE FORM OF THE VERB
infinitive phrase
INFINITIVE
[ ]
BEGINS
WITH...
TO SIMPLE FORM OF THE VERB

25. INFINITIVE PHRASE
To finish her shift without spilling another soda is Claire’s only goal tonight. Samuel hopes to win the approval of his father by making the football team.

26. INFINITIVE PHRASE
That tie, to be perfectly honest, does not go with that suit. To avoid burning another bag of popcorn, James watched this one carefully.

27. gerund phrase
BEGINS WITH...
GERUND
AN ING WORD

28. Gerard hates buttering toast with a fork.
GERUND PHRASE
Always function as nouns!
Eating ice cream on a windy day can be a messy experience if you have long, untamed hair.
Jamming too much clothing into a washing machine will result in disaster.
Gerard hates buttering toast with a fork.

29. participle phrase
BEGINS WITH...
PRESENT OR
PAST
PARTICIPLE

30. PARTICIPLE

31. PARTICIPLE

32. participle phrase PRESENT OR PAST PARTICIPLE
BEGINS WITH...
The horse trotting up to the fence hopes that you have an apple.
PRESENT OR
PAST
PARTICIPLE
Eaten by mosquitoes, we wished that we had decided to stay in a hotel instead of at a campsite.
The water drained slowly in the pipe clogged with hair.

33. gerund phrase vs. participle phrase
Behaves as a noun
Walking on the beach is painful if jellyfish have washed ashore.
Ben’s rudest habit is eating the last piece of pizza.
Acts as an adjective
Walking on the beach, Gerry avoided jellyfish that had washed ashore.
Sharon found her roommate Ben eating the last piece of pizza.

34. NOUN OR PRONOUN OR GERUND OR CLAUSE
prepositional phrase
STARTS WITH...
ENDS WITH...
PREPOSITION
NOUN OR PRONOUN OR GERUND OR CLAUSE
indicates location

35. PREPOSITIONs

36. PREPOSITIONs

37. NOUN OR PRONOUN OR GERUND OR CLAUSE
prepositional phrase
STARTS WITH...
ENDS WITH...
PREPOSITION
NOUN OR PRONOUN OR GERUND OR CLAUSE
indicates location

38. NOUN OR PRONOUN OR GERUND OR CLAUSE
prepositional phrase
STARTS WITH...
ENDS WITH...
PREPOSITION
NOUN OR PRONOUN OR GERUND OR CLAUSE
at home
with me
by singing
about what we need

39. PREPOSITIONal Phrase adjective WHICH ONE?
The book on the bathroom floor is soaking wet!
The note from Nora confessed that she had stolen the necklace.
adverb
HOW? WHEN? WHERE?
Logan is stiff from yesterday’s long football practice.
Before class, Pam begged for an extension on the homework.
Feeling brave, we tried the “Fire In Your Hole Challenge” at Munchies 420 Cafe.

40. Make a sentence!
Write a simple sentence that includes at least one adjective, one adverb, one prepositional phrase, and one appositive phrase.
Write a compound-complex sentence that starts with a participle phrase.
Write a simple sentence that starts with three absolute phrases.
Write a compound sentence that contains an infinitive phrase.
Write a compound sentence that begins with two prepositional phrases.
Write a complex sentence that begins with a subordinate clause.
Write a complex sentence that ends with a subordinate clause.
Write a compound-complex sentence containing a simile or metaphor.

41. Sentence Poems
Absolute phrase, Independent clause with an appositive phrase in it, Prepositional phrase

42. Sentence Poems
Eyes focused, Teeth bared, Claws extended, The cats, young adventurers in the night, wait, In the silvery darkness Without a sound At dawn From the shadows Of the sunrise.

43. Sentence Poems
Gerund phrase as the subject finish the sentence with a rhyme.

44. Sentence Poems
Mastering the art of conversation is a process of great duration. Learning to write like Shakespeare will take more than a thousand years. Becoming a singer like Adele might make you want to bid practice farewell. Using the skills you already possess will result in your biggest success.

45. Sentence Poems
Independent clause with an appositive phrase in it, Participle phrase

46. Sentence Poems
The cats, young adventurers in the night, stalk and play, hiding in the shadows pouncing from the darkness chasing prey across time and space cuddling together as the sun rises waiting for the night