1. The Seven Magic Words of Drawing

2. Foreshortening
Distorting objects or parts of an object to create the illusion that one edge is actually closer to your eye.

3. Shading
Adding darkness to a surface that is opposite of a real or imaginary light source adds depth to your drawing. Shading is the key to a successful drawing.

4. Size
Generally objects drawn larger will look closer, except when overlapping. This can easily be accomplished with the use of perspective.

5. Overlapping
Objects drawn in front of others will make the front objects appear closer. This is a form of perspective too.

6. Contour Lines
Lines wrapped around the contour of an object adds volume and shape.

7. Density
Images drawn darker, and with more detail, will appear closer than images drawn lighter and with less detail. This adds “atmosphere” to the drawing.

8. Surface
Drawing textures such as wood grain, brick, and others will create interest and depth.

9. 5 Principles of Shading
Highlights: They show how light hits an object.
Shade Area: Is the place where the light can’t hit.
Shadow: Is the area on the ground that shows where the light is coming from.
Reflected Light: Is the light that bounces off things, the ground, etc.
Back Shading: Is the dark area around the highlighted side of the form. It separates the two objects, creating a background or edge for the lighter side of the form or object.