1. Theoretical Perspectives of Sociology

2. Background:
There are 3 major theories used by sociologists: Functionalism
- Symbolic Interaction
- Conflict
Theory: a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work
Perception: is the way your brain sees an event, how you interpret something
Theoretical Perspective: a set of assumptions about an area of study

3. The Functionalist Perspective
Definition: Emphasizes the contributions (the functions) made by
each part of society
* (ie. Family, Religion, Education, Economy, Govt.)
According to Functionalism:
All parts of society are part of the integrated whole
A change in one part of society leads to changes in the other parts After upheaval societies will return to a state of normalcy
Members of society cooperate based on a consensus on values

4. Vocabulary Two kinds of functions:
Manifest: the intended & recognized consequences or outcomes
Latent: the unintended & unrecognized consequences or outcomes
* Apply this to Video Games:
Manifest Function
 to have fun & be entertained
Latent Function
 obesity & violence
Dysfunctions: negative consequences or outcomes

5. The Conflict Perspective
Definition: Emphasizes conflict, competition, change and
constraints which exist in society
According to the Conflict Theory:
It is the reverse of functionalism
A society is composed of groups that:
Engage in fierce competition for resources (voting/rights/etc.)
There is a constant struggle for power and control
Those in power can then constrain those who are less
powerful by limiting their access to resources (Inequality)
As the power shifts between one group or another, change occurs!

6. Symbolic Interactionism Theory
Definition: the interaction among people is based on mutually
understood symbols
According to the Symbolic Interationist Theory:
Symbol: something observable that represents something else
Members of society have to understand the meaning of the symbol or…………….. there is confusion, embarrassment, or chaos!
We learn meaning of a symbol from watching how others react
Once we learn the meaning of these symbols, we base our behavior (interactions) on these symbols
We use the meanings of symbols to imagine how others will react to our behavior and vice versa
Apply this to a person at a party wearing a “wedding ring”:
- What does the “symbol” of a wedding ring mean?
- How will a person wearing a wedding ring affect our behavior?

7. Levels of Analysis
Macro Level: examination of large-scale patterns of society
Functionalist
Conflict
Micro Level: examination of small-scale patterns of society
Symbolic Interactionism