1. e- e- 2 8 8 1 4 4 e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 1 2
Electron Shell
1st
2nd
3rd
Maximum number of electrons
Number of orbitals 2 8 8 1 4 4 e- e- e- e- 1
1st shell, ____orbital
max ____electrons e- 2 e- 4 e-
2nd shell, ____ orbitals
max ___ electrons 8 e- e- e- e- e-
this would be
an atom of
__________ 4
3rd shell, ___ orbitals
max ___ electrons 8 e- e-
Argon e- e- e- e-

2. Let’s build some models of some atoms….
done…

3. THAT’S TOO HARD TO DRAW!!!! e- e- 2 8 8 1 4 4 e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-
Electron Shell
1st
2nd
3rd
Maximum number of electrons
Number of orbitals 2 8 8 1 4 4 e- e- e- e- 1
1st shell, ____orbital
max ____electrons e- 2
THAT’S TOO HARD TO DRAW!!!! e- 4 e-
2nd shell, ____ orbitals
max ___ electrons 8 e- e- e- e- e-
this would be
an atom of
__________ 4
3rd shell, ___ orbitals
max ___ electrons 8 e- e-
Argon e- e- e- e-

4. 2 8 8 1 4 4 e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-
Electron Shell
1st
2nd
3rd
Maximum number of electrons
Number of orbitals 2 8 8 1 4 4 e- e-
so…
go back to the shells
AND
represent the orbitals
just by pairing the electrons e- e- e- e-
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

5. 2 8 8 1 4 4 e- e- e- e- e- e- Electron Shell 1st 2nd 3rd
Maximum number of electrons
Number of orbitals 2 8 8 1 4 4
electrons will
spread out in the orbitals
before they pair up…
(not quite right… but close
enough for now…) e-
e- e- e- e-
say there were
6 electrons… e-

6. 2 8 8 1 4 4 e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- Electron Shell 1st 2nd 3rd
Maximum number of electrons
Number of orbitals 2 8 8 1 4 4
electrons will
spread out in the orbitals
before they pair up…
(not quite right… but close
enough for now…) e-
e- e- e- e-
say there were
8 electrons… e- e- e-

7. already PRACTICEd

8. SPARKY

9. 2 8 8 1 4 4 e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- Electron Shell 1st 2nd 3rd
Maximum number of electrons
Number of orbitals 2 8 8 1 4 4 e-
Outer shell:
______________________
Outer shell electrons:
Inner shell(s):
the outermost shell that
has any electrons in it
e- e- e- e-
the electrons in the
outer shell e- e-
all the shells except the
outer shell e-

10. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 2nd 6 2 Outer shell ? _________
How many outer shell electrons ? _________
How many inner shell electrons ? _________ 6 2 e-
Outer shell:
______________________
Outer shell electrons:
Inner shell(s):
the outermost shell that
has any electrons in it
e- e- e- e-
the electrons in the
outer shell e- e-
all the shells except the
outer shell e-

11. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 2nd 6 2 Outer shell ? _________
How many outer shell electrons ? _________
How many inner shell electrons ? _________ 6 2
The outershell electrons
are also called:
____________________
they are the electrons that are
________________________ e-
valence electrons
e- e- e- e-
available for bonding to
other atoms
aVAILable e- e- e-

12. PUT ALL PERIODIC TABLES AWAY!!
PRACTICE Phusi 2 Practice1
(can use P1P1, P1P2, P1P4)
for each example….
highlight the valence electrons in some highlight-y color
write ‘# valence electrons ______’
and fill in the blank
PRACTICE Hydro 2 Practice2
Valence Electrons and the Periodic Table
with your partner(s)….
sort / organize the elements (represented by the cards)
according to the properties listed on the cards …
you are looking for patterns
once you are “happy” with your organization,
tape the organized element cards onto a piece of paper
PUT ALL PERIODIC TABLES AWAY!!

13. example cards…
explain format

14. FRONT SIDE ONLY Finish your conclusion(s) about your Periodic Table
Go observe others’ and note how the elements are organized and the patterns that result
write down (at least) one thing that is the same as yours
write down (at least) one thing that is different from yours
FRONT SIDE ONLY

15. Valence Electrons and the Periodic Table G2
So…. organization and what patterns did you observe?

16. Valence Electrons and the Periodic Table W3
So…. organization and what patterns did you observe?

17. Valence Electrons and the Periodic Table W2
So…. organization and what patterns did you observe?

18. summarize trends on chalkboard
add in PT from card sort activity
make black background… and can write trends on board

20. make handout
finish animations for valence electrons and PT

21. Representations of Atoms
Orbital / Shell
Representations of Atoms
Hydrogen
atomic # 1
Lithium
atomic # 3
highlight valence electrons
Valence Electrons
____________
one
Sodium (Na)
atomic # 11
Potassium (K)
atomic # 19

22. Representations of Atoms
Orbital / Shell
Representations of Atoms
Beryllium
atomic # 4
highlight valence electrons
Magnesium
atomic # 12
Valence Electrons
____________
two
Calcium
atomic # 20

23. Representations of Atoms
Orbital / Shell
Representations of Atoms
Boron
atomic # 5
highlight valence electrons
Aluminum
atomic # 13
Valence Electrons
____________
three

24. Representations of Atoms
Orbital / Shell
Representations of Atoms
Carbon
atomic # 6
highlight valence electrons
Silicon
atomic # 14
Valence Electrons
____________
four

25. Representations of Atoms
Orbital / Shell
Representations of Atoms
Nitrogen
atomic # 7
highlight valence electrons
Phosphorus
atomic # 15
Valence Electrons
____________
five

26. Representations of Atoms
Orbital / Shell
Representations of Atoms
Oxygen
atomic # 8
highlight valence electrons
Sulfur
atomic # 16
Valence Electrons
____________
six

27. Representations of Atoms
Orbital / Shell
Representations of Atoms
Fluorine
atomic # 9
highlight valence electrons
Chlorine
atomic # 17
Valence Electrons
____________
seven

28. Representations of Atoms
Orbital / Shell
Representations of Atoms
Neon
atomic # 10
highlight valence electrons
Argon
atomic # 18
Valence Electrons
____________
eight

29. one key property / pattern
hmmm……
one key property / pattern
1 valence electron
2 valence electrons
3 valence electrons
4 valence electrons
5 valence electrons
6 valence electrons
7 valence electrons
8 valence electrons

30. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 2nd 6 2 Outer shell ? _________
How many outer shell electrons ? _________
How many inner shell electrons ? _________ 6 2
The outershell electrons
are also called:
____________________
they are the electrons that are
________________________ e-
valence electrons
e- e- e- e-
available for bonding to
other atoms
aVAILable e- e-
How many of these
valence electrons are
available to make bonds ? e-
Well……

31. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 2nd 6 2 it turns out,
Outer shell ? _________
How many outer shell electrons ? _________
How many inner shell electrons ? _________ 6 2
The outershell electrons
are also called:
____________________
they are the electrons that are
________________________ e-
valence electrons
e- e-
available for bonding to
other atoms e- e- e- e-
How many of these
valence electrons are
available to make bonds ?
Well…… e-
it turns out,
the outer shell likes to be full

32. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 2 8 8 it turns out,
The outershell electrons
are also called:
____________________
they are the electrons that are
________________________ e-
valence electrons
e- e-
available for bonding to
other atoms e- e- e- e-
How many of these
valence electrons are
available to make bonds ?
Well…… e-
it turns out,
the outer shell likes to be full
Electron Shell
1st
2nd
3rd
Maximum number of electrons 2 8 8

33. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 2 8 8 it turns out,
Well…… e-
it turns out,
the outer shell likes to be full
e- e- e- e-
if the outer shell is NOT full,
it can get full by:
___________________ e- e-
stealing electrons
losing (giving) electrons
sharing electrons e-
Electron Shell
1st
2nd
3rd
Maximum number of electrons 2 8 8

34. you can’t steal, lose or share….
if the outer shell is NOT full,
it can get full by:
___________________
stealing electrons
losing (giving) electrons
sharing electrons
you can’t steal, lose or share….
unless there is someone else
to steal from, give to, or share with

35. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 2 8 8 it turns out,
Well…… e-
it turns out,
the outer shell likes to be full
e- e- e- e-
if the outer shell is NOT full,
it can get full by:
___________________ e- e-
stealing electrons from other atom(s)
losing (giving) electrons to other atom(s)
sharing electrons with other atom(s) e-
and that accounts for the formation
of bonds between atoms
Electron Shell
1st
2nd
3rd
Maximum number of electrons 2 8 8

36. before we get to how the bonds form,
so….
if the outer shell is FULL _______________________
____________________________________
if the outer shell is NOT full, _____________________
_____________________________________
nothing happens
the atom is “happy” all by itself
the atom will steal, lose, share electrons
WITH other atoms
and that accounts for the formation of bonds
and new “stuff”
before we get to how the bonds form,
need to work more with valence electrons for single atoms

37. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 2 8 8 outer shell __________
# valence electrons ____
needs to gain ____ to get FOS
needs to lose ____ to get FOS
2nd 6 2
e- e- 6 e- e-
which is fewest ?
______________
therefore,
which is more likely?
________________
gaining 2 electrons e- e-
gaining 2 electrons
Electron Shell
1st
2nd
3rd
Maximum number of electrons 2 8 8

38. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 2 8 8 outer shell __________
# valence electrons ____
needs to gain ____ to get FOS
needs to lose ____ to get FOS
3rd 1 7
e- e- 1 e- e- e- e-
which is fewest ?
______________
therefore,
which is more likely?
________________
losing 1 electrons e- e-
losing 1 electrons
Electron Shell
1st
2nd
3rd
Maximum number of electrons 2 8 8

39. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 2 8 8 outer shell __________
# valence electrons ____
needs to gain ____ to get FOS
needs to lose ____ to get FOS
3rd 4 4
e- e- 4 e- e- e- e-
which is fewest ?
______________
therefore,
which is more likely?
________________
neither e- e- e- e-
neither
Electron Shell
1st
2nd
3rd
Maximum number of electrons 2 8 8

40. P2P3
P2P4

41. ok… let’s look a little more at the elements
hmmm……
one key property / pattern
1 valence electron
2 valence electrons
3 valence electrons
4 valence electrons
5 valence electrons
6 valence electrons
7 valence electrons
8 valence electrons
ok… let’s look a little more at the elements
SPARKY

42. in a class
of its own

43. lose 7 electron
gain 1 electron
lose 6 electrons
gain 7 electron
gain 2 electrons
lose 1 electron
lose 5 electrons
ALL SET!!
gain 6 electrons
gain 3 electrons
lose 2 electrons
gain 5 electrons
lose 3 electrons
1 valence electron
2 valence electrons
3 valence electrons
4 valence electrons
5 valence electrons
6 valence electrons
7 valence electrons
8 valence electrons

44. Phusi 2 Practice 5 atoms gain electrons atoms lose electrons ALL SET!!
in a class
of its own
atoms gain electrons
atoms lose electrons
8 valence electrons
Phusi 2 Practice 5

45. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- template…
don’t delete!!! e- e- e- e- e- e-

46. e- e- e- e- e- e-
e- e- e- e-
17p
18n e- e-
chlorine e- e- e- e- e-

47. e-
e- e- e- e- 8p 9n e- e-
oxygen e-

48. e-
e- e- e-
e- e- e- e-
e- e-

49. e- e- e- e- e-
e- e-
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

50. e- e- e- e- e-
e- e-
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

51. e- e- e- e- e-
e- e-
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

52. e- e- e- e- e- e-
e- e-
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

53. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-
e- e-
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

54. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-
e- e-
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

55. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-
e- e-
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-