1. Cellular Processes and structure
Energy and Matter
Free energy
Macromolecules
Interactions between molecules
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Cycles of matter

2. Cycles of Matter
AP Framework: 2.A.3
Holtzclaw:
Campbell: 55.4

3. Organisms exchange matter with the environment

4. Organisms build molecules using atoms from the environment
Examples:
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Water

5. Carbon Forms 4 covalent bonds Bonds readily with other atoms
“backbone” of macromolecules
variety of shapes and structures (chain, ring, branched, etc)

6. Biogeochemical Cycles

7. Carbon cycle Carbon moves from the environment to organisms
used by all organisms
used to build
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
used in storage compounds
cell formation
Back into environment
prokaryotic and eukaryotic respiration
Fossil fuels

9. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen moves from the environment to organisms
used in building
proteins
nucleic acids
Goes back into the environment
into soil and water
as waste
urea, uric acid
decomposition
released into atmosphere by bacteria
nitrogen fixation

11. Phosphorus cycle Phosphorus moves from the environment to organisms
used in
nucleic acids
some lipids
phospholipids
Goes back into the environment
into soil and water
passed back and forth as phosphate ion PO43-

13. Living systems depend on the special properties of water
Due to polarity and hydrogen bonding
Cohesion
Adhesion
High specific heat capacity
Heat of vaporization
Heat of fusion
Solid is less dense
Universal solvent
supports reactions
Choose one of these properties and explain its importance to living things
Capillary action

14. Be able to
2.8 Use data to justify the types of molecules that an animal, plant or bacterium will take up as necessary building blocks and excrete as waste products.
2.9 Use graphs or models to demonstrate the following
exchange of molecules between an organism and its environment
the use of these molecules to build new molecules
the use of these molecules to maintain dynamic homoeostasis, growth and reproduction.