1. Key concept from AP...thanks so much
I. Along with other factors, environmental and geographic variations, including climate and natural resources, contributed to regional differences in what would become the British colonies.
A. The New England colonies, founded primarily by Puritans seeking to establish a community of like-minded religious believers, developed a close-knit, homogeneous society and –aided by favorable environmental conditions – a thriving mixed economy of agriculture and commerce.
B. The demographically, religiously, and ethnically diverse middle colonies supported a flourishing export economy based on cereal crops, while the Chesapeake colonies and North Carolina relied on the cultivation of tobacco, a labor-intensive product based on white indentured servants and African chattel.
C. The colonies along the southernmost Atlantic coast and British islands in the West Indies took advantage of long growing seasons by using slave labor to develop economies based on staple crops; in some cases, enslaved Africans constituted the majority of the population.

2. Long Essay question/prompt
Analyze the impact of geography and the environment on the development of at least two different regions of the English colonies along the Atlantic coast in the 17th and 18th centuries.

3. New England Colonies (Mass, RI, Conn, NH) Plymouth 1620
Religious freedom
Pilgrims v. Puritans (Primarily Puritans)
John Winthrop &
“City on a Hill”
Organized and driven
After initial year = outlook much better grows into Mass. Bay Colony

4. New England…cont. Puritans more equal “Little Commonweal(th)”
(Nuclear Family) & Family centered
Lived much longer (70yr)
Patriarchy= less women’s rights
No slaves & Puritanism played daily role – some problems= dissenters (RI- Williams & Conn)
Conversion to Saint & “Social Covenant” also created problems

5. New England…..cont. Climate = favorable
Some rocky soil=no cash crops – subsis. Farms Corn, wheat, rye, etc.
Also lumber & other finished trade items
Cities were finishing centers & ports of trade – turned into thriving mixed agriculture/commerce= Boston, Hartford & Providence = trading

7. Middle Colonies-NY/Penn/VA/NC
Demographic, Religious & ethnically diverse
NY- Dutch & English – Royal colony (Wasps) Religion = Anglican/Dutch Reformed church (Protestants)
Penn – William Penn = Proprietary colony (Ethnic diversity – Germans, Swedes, Central Europe) Religious diversity – Penn didn’t care – wanted religious harmony in Penn. “Holy Experiment”
VA - Jamestown Joint-Stock Company -London Co.= Make profit -Unorganized with soooo many problems – mainly white English, C of E & men – with families starting later
Maryland= Lord Baltimore created “Catholic Haven”

8. Middle Colonies…..cont.
Economics: geography & environment was favorable for farming – also ports for trading
NY/Penn
Flourishing export economy= NYC & Phil. Two largest cities/ports in colonies = export = cereal/foodstuff (grains, wheat, etc.) known as the “Breadbasket” of colonies due to farming
VA/Maryland/NC
Climate suitable for Cash-Crops=Tobacco
Economic forces created boom & busts= volatile econ.
Put a premium on land and labor
Head right system & Indentured Servants & by 1700 slaves

9. Tobacco prices

10. Southern Colonies (SC/GA/BWI)
Social Hierarchy ( White plantation owners with slaves) ratio is much greater in BWI (slaves constitute large majorities)
Back counties of SC & GA were Scotch-Irish and Welsh with mixture of “Hill People”
Economics: Used long growing seasons to grow:
Cash Crops/ Staple crops!!!
SC= Rice plantations
GA = Indigo & Rice
BWI = Sugar plantations
9 out of 10 slaves went to British West Indies!!!

11. Population Differences – which graph belongs to which region?

12. Long essay question
Analyze the impact of geography and the environment on the development of at least two different regions of the English colonies along the Atlantic coast in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Due:

13. House of Burgesses