1. SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu
The Cerebellum
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY
Liu Zhiyu

2. Position of Cerebellum
Situated in the posterior cranial fossa
Covered superiorly by the tentorium of cerebellum
Cerebellum

3. Position of Cerebellum
Magnetic resonance images of the cerebellum of a 16-year-old female. Sagittal slice.

4. Gross Appearance of Cerebellum
Consists of two cerebellar hemisphere joined by a narrow median vermis

5. Gross Appearance of Cerebellum
Superior view
Anterior and posterior cerebellar notches
Primary fissure
Inferior view
Tonsil of cerebellum: two elevated masses on inferior surface of hemispheral portion just nearby foramen magnum
Posterolateral fissure

6. Gross Appearance of Cerebellum
Nodule
Uvula of vermis
Pyramid of vermis
Tuber of vermis

7. Lobs of Cerebellum Two deep fissures Three lobs
Primary fissure Posterolateral fissure
Three lobs
Flocculonodular lobe flocculus and nodule
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Corpus of cerebellar 小脑体

8. Structure of the Cerebellum
Gray matter
Cerebellar cortex
Cerebellar nuclei
Dentate nucleus
Fastigial nucleus
Interposed nuclei
Emboliform nucleus
Globose nucleus
White matter－medulla

9. Structure of the Cerebellum
Cerebellar cortex
Fastigial nucleus
Globose nucleus
Dentate nucleus
Emboliform nucleus
medullary center

10. Three Functional Divisions
Vestibulocerebellum
Archicerebellum
Flocculonodular lobe
Spinocerebellum
Paleocerebellum
Anterior lobe and uvula and pyramid of vermis
Cerebrocerebellum
Neocerebellum
Posterior lobe except uvula and pyramid of vermis

11. White matter of cerebellum
Three peduncles
Inferior cerebellar peduncle －connect with medulla and with spinal cord, contain both afferent and efferent fibers
Middle cerebellar peduncle －connect with pons, contain afferent fibers
Superior cerebellar peduncle －connect with midbrain, contain mostly efferent fibers

12. Connections and Function of Cerebellum
Archicerebellum (Vestibulocerebellum)
Connections
Afferents: receive input from vestibular nuclei and primary vestibular
Efferents: projects to the vestibular nucleus → vestibulospinal tract and medial longitudinal fasciculus → motor neurons of anterior horn
Function: involved in eye movements and maintain balance

14. Connections and Function of Cerebellum
Paleocerebellum (Spinocerebellum)
Connnection
Afferents: receive somatic sensory information via spinocerebellar tracts
Efferents fibers: projects to the fastigial and interposed nuclei → vestibular nuclei, reticular formation and red nucleus → vestibulospinal tract, reticulospinal tract and rubrospinal tract → motor neurons of anterior horn
Function: control of muscle tone

16. Connections and Function of Cerebellum
Neocerebellum (Cerebrocerebellum)
Connection
Afferents: receives input from the cerebral cortex via a relay in pontine nuclei
Efferents: projects to dentate nucleus → dorsal thalamus and red nucleus→ primary motor cortex → corticospinal tract → motor neurons of anterior horn
Function: coordinator of precise movements

18. fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) of a volunteer executing repetitive finger movements of the right hand. The arm/trunk areal activity is attributable to a stabilization function.