1. M.F.C. ( Microbial Fuel Cell)
-waste to renewable energy

2. The US uses about 3.3 Terawatts (TW) of energy, and produces 500 gigawatts (GW) of electricity. New sources of energy are needed Why use a Microbial Fuel Cell(M.F.C)? % of electricity goes to wastewater treatment, which is approximately $45 billion. If recovery, probably we could make the water infrastructure self-sufficient. [3] Recovery nitrogen and phosphate A large amount of Nitrate and phosphorous in aquatic ecosystem can even result in eutrophication. The annual cost for removal eutrophication in the United States is about $2200 million. In all nutrient ecoregions, current median TN(total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorous) values for rivers and lakes exceeded reference median values. In 12 of 14 ecoregions, over 90% of rivers currently exceed reference median values. [2]

3. MFC
-The purpose of this device is to convert chemical energy from waste products, to electrical energy
consists of a duel chamber; containing an anode, cathode, and proton exchange membrane (P.E.M)
Figure 1: MFC Schematic

4. MFC (Reagents)
For optimum power generation the anode must contain a reagent(s) which has: High conductivity, high surface, area, long pore diameter
-Engineered the anode, while also placing return activated sludge (RAS) in anode chamber
- Experimentation has shown power generation of 558 µW/m2
Figure 2: R.A.S. Sample
Figure 3: Algae

5. Sources
1. Energy-nutrient-water-nexus by microbial fuel cell: a smart water solution for wastewater treatment plants: [1] Marcia R. Silva, [2] Yiming Yang
2. [2] W.K. Dodds, W.W. Bouska, J.L. Eitzmann, T.J. Pilger, K.L. Pitts, A.J. Riley, J.T.Schloesser, D.J. Thornbrug hEutrophication of US Freshwaters: Analysis of Potential Economic Damages. ACS Publications (2008)
3. [3] Logan, B. (2008). Microbial Fuel Cells. Hoboken: Wiley.