1. The Cardiovascular System
Circulatory
Routes
Chapter 21

2. Circulatory Routes
Systemic circulation is left side heart to body & back to heart
Hepatic Portal circulation is capillaries of GI tract to capillaries in liver
Pulmonary circulation is right-side heart to lungs & back to heart
Fetal circulation is from fetal heart through umbilical cord to placenta & back

3. Pulmonary Circulation
deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the air sacs of the lungs and returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
The pulmonary and systemic circulations differ.
Blood in the pulmonary circulation is not pumped as far as in the systemic circulation, so pulmonary arteries have a larger diameter, thinner walls, and less elastic tissue.
resistance to blood flow is very low meaning less pressure is needed to move blood through the lungs.
normal pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure is lower than systemic capillary hydrostatic pressure which tends to prevent pulmonary edema.

4. Principle Branches
of the
Aorta

5. Systemic Circulation
The systemic circulation takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the aorta to all parts of the body, including some lung tissue (but does not supply the air sacs of the lungs) and returns the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
The aorta is divided into the ascending aorta, arch of the aorta, and the descending aorta.
Each section gives off arteries that branch to supply the whole body.
Blood returns to the heart through the systemic veins. All the veins of the systemic circulation flow into the superior or inferior vena cava or the coronary sinus, which in turn empty into the right atrium.

6. Aorta and Its Superior Branches
Aorta is largest artery of the body
ascending aorta
2 coronary arteries supply myocardium
arch of aorta -- branches to the arms & head
brachiocephalic trunk branches into right common carotid and right subclavian
left subclavian & left carotid arise independently
thoracic aorta supplies branches to pericardium, esophagus, bronchi, diaphragm, intercostal & chest muscles, mammary gland, skin, vertebrae and spinal cord

7. Coronary Circulation
Right & left coronary arteries branch to supply heart muscle
anterior & posterior interventricular aa.

8. Arch of
Aorta

9. Thoracic
and Abdominal Aorta

10. Thoracic Aorta

11. Abdominal Aorta

12. Abdominal Aorta
Pelvis and Lower Limbs

13. Veins of Systemic Circulation

14. Drainage of Head

15. Drainage of
Limbs

16. Veins of thorax

17. Abdomen and Pelvis

18. Drainage of Lower Limbs

19. Hepatic-Portal
System

20. Hepatic-Portal
System

21. Fetal Circulation

22. Fetal Circulation