1. Essential Functions All animals carry out the following:
Feeding: obtain food from the environment
Respiration: exchange O2 and CO2
Circulation: move materials around body
Excretion: get rid of wastes
Respond: process information with nerves
Move: all animals are motile at some point
Reproduce: most sexually, some asexually

2. Animal Circulatory Systems
The circulatory system is the animal body system that moves (circulates) blood, oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.

3. Open Versus Closed Circulatory System
Open circulatory system – blood is not always contained in vessels; instead blood is pumped into body cavities and diffuses directly to organs. Found in simpler organisms such as arthropods and mollusks.
Closed Circulatory System: blood moves throughout body in blood vessels. Found in larger, more active animals
Prompt students to think about whether or not they think older organisms are more simple or more complex – segway into open circulatory systems as being simpler than closed
A trend with evolution/life is that the more primitive an animal is, the simpler the body design.
Why are closed circ. Systems found in more active animals? Can be circulated more efficiently due to blood pressure across small vessels

4. Hearts can be 2, 3, or 4 chambered
Reptile/Amphibian heart
Fish heart
Mammal Heart
Explain what a chamber is
Have them color?

5. Hearts can be 2, 3, or 4 chambered
The heart is the pump of the circulatory system: it moves blood through the body
The number of chambers defines the 3 major heart types
The more complex they are, the more efficiently (better) they work
Explain what a chamber is
Fish have a 2 chambered system where blood must pass through 2 capillary beds before returning to the heart.
§        Lowers blood pressure
o       Reptiles have a 3 chambered system which increases blood flow/pressure since blood must pass through only 1 capillary bed per cycle.
§        Disadvantage: mixes oxygenated & deoxygenated blood
o       Mammals have a more efficient system with a 4 chambered heart. Blood pressure is increased and there is no mixing of blood.
Talk about getting oxygen from lungs
Have them color oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood

6. Higher blood pressure, no mixing of blood
3 chambers =
higher blood pressure, bad thing is that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix.
2 chambers =
low blood pressure
4 chambers =
Higher blood pressure, no mixing of blood

7. Endotherms Animals that can control their own body temperature
Warm-blooded 
All Endotherms have a 4 chambered heart
Mammals and birds
Along with the complete separation of oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood, the evolutionary development of a four chambered heart also allowed these organisms to generate their own body heat. This is called endothermy (or endothermic).

8. Ectotherms
Animals that need external energy to control body temperature
Cold-blooded
Reptiles, ambhibians, and fish

9. Annelid - earthworm Segmented body = body is divided into sections
Closed Circulatory system
Consistes of earthworms, leeches, and marine worms

11. Annelid Digestion and Nutrition
Complete digestion
Variety of feeding methods: Filter feeders, predators, parasites

12. Annelid Excretion Complete excretion system (mouth and anus)
Digestive waste
Each segment has a special part that collects waste and transports it out of the body

13. Annelid Respiration and Regulation
Annelids exchange gases through their moist skin

14. Annelid Reproduction
Can reproduce asexually or sexually: Most reproduce sexually
Earthworms and leeches are hermaphrodites; they produce both sperm and eggs

15. Annelid Circulation Annelids have a closed circulatory system
Blood is pumped to head & body transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
Have clusters of nerves that act as “hearts” that pump blood, really enlarged, muscular blood vessels

16. Insects Phylum Arthropoda
Arthropods are organisms with a segmented body, a tough exoskeleton, and jointed appendages

17. Insect Diagram

18. Insect Digestion and Nutrition
some insects feed on plants, while others feed on animals

19. Insect Excretion
Excretion – Insects have structures called Malipghian tubules through which they get rid of waste materials

20. Insect Respiration and Regulation
Insects have tiny holes and internal tubes through which gases are exchanged (no lungs).
Regulation – Insects have a nervous system, composed of a brain

21. Insect Reproduction
Most insects hatch from eggs. Insects go through several growth phases because of their exoskeleton (no room to grow)

22. Insect Circulation
Open circulatory system