1. The Research process
PP 04

2. Justification Writing the problem statement D. Problem analysis
DAY 04
Justification
Writing the problem statement
D. Problem analysis

3. Recap ….The Development process
Phenomena stage
Conceptualization of the study area
Problem clarification stage
Problem identification
Justification of the area of study
Problem statement
Problem analysis
Organizing objectives for the research
Research questions
Selecting a type of the research
Building the research framework

4. b. Justification for the research
Type of information expected to yield from the project and usefulness of the information
Basically why do you want to do this research ?
Aren't there any other import topic t do ?
Definition, important concepts with relation to the problem
What / when / where / what extent

5. Justification Prioritize the issues according to the Relevance
Acceptability
Applicability
Urgency
Avoiding Duplication
Clear gap
current and ideal situation
Most importantly “Wow factor” for young researchers
You should like this topic

6. Prioritization of the problem
Clear Gap
Relevance
Duplication
Acceptability
Applicability
Urgency
Full Marks
Rank 10
Overcrowding
Less Seats
Unhappy People
Infections

7. 2. Problem statement

8. What is a problem ? “An observed gap between what is expected and
what actually exits”

9. Need to describe factor related the problem
P = ( E – A ) C P – problem
E- expected level A- actual Level
C = Concern level
Influenced by many factors
Political & legal
Social & economical
Professional
Organizational
Individual

10. Definition of the Problem
Clearly indicate the extent of the problem.
Qualify and quantify

11. c. Formulating Problem Statement
Background to the problem
Brief description of socio-economic , cultural characteristics importance of healthcare problem
Few illustrative statistics
Description of nature of problem
Major factors contributed to the problem
Previous studies performed in the past
Quantify and quality the problem
Justification / importance of this problem
What , where , when and who ,……………

12. Examples of a problem statement
There is overcrowding of the Medical clinics of the teaching hospitals in Sri Lanka 2012, causing many difficulties to the patients , staff and the image of the hospitals , which needed immediate rectification.
There is a considerable amount of Nurse turn over in the world today causing hardships to the health system due to the increase work load , irrespective of the perks offered by the hospitals . This has to be investigated and find solutions immediately .

13. 3. Problem Analysis Cause and effect diagram Place objectives
Study and analyze the problem

14. Study the problem
Identify key stakeholders and ensure the ‘right’ people participate
Collect relevant background information
Ensure lessons learned from previous similar issues are considered
Prepare a problem tree / fish bone which provides a simplified but robust version of reality

15. Analysis .....
Purpose: to identify major problems and their main causal relationships.
Output: a graphical arrangement of problems differentiated according to ‘causes’ and ‘effects

16. Analysis List causes List effects Main causes – categories Sub causes
Sub effects

17. Find the causes and effects to the problem
STAGE 01
Find the causes and effects to the problem
List causes and list effects
This is done though
Brainstorming
Available literature
Observing
Draw problem tree / fish bone diagram
STAGE 02
Categorize causes and effects as per acceptable method ( previous studies)

18. Methods and Tools
Problem Tree Example

19. Problem Tree

20. Fish bone Diagram

21. ACTIVITY 01
Perform problem analysis of the issue that you selected last week after studying previous research and articles ( under following topics)
Write the Problem statement
Problem analysis
WORD DOCUMENT – 1000 WORDS
SOFT COPY TO BE E- MAILED BY SUNDAY -
BOUNDED COPY TO BE HANDED OVER BY MONDAY.

22. Thank you !