1. The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Chapter 17

2. 17-1 Philosophy in the Age of Reason
“Go, wondrous creature! Mount where Science guides;
Go, measure earth, weigh air, and state the tides;
Instruct the planets in what orbs to run,
Correct old Time, and regulate the sun.”
-Alexander Pope, Essay on Man

3. Progress and Reason Scientific successes led to study of ______.
The Enlightenment
Social
Political
Economic
Natural laws- laws that govern human nature; revolution in thinking

4. Two Views of the Social Contract
Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan
Social contract
John Locke
Reasonable people
Natural rights
Limited government
If government fails then…….
Naturaly cruel evil need a social contract; give up rights for a powerful government (absolutism); right to life, liberty, and property

5. Separation of Powers
1700s France saw a flowering of Enlightenment thought
Baron de Montesquieu
limited monarchy
Three separate branches:
Checks and balances
Legislative, executive, judicial

6. The Philosophes and Society
Voltaire Defends Freedom of Thought
Aristocrats
Battled against:
Offended the French government and the Catholic Church
Lovers of wisdom, using reason to reform gov.; inequality, injustice, and superstition, slave trade, religious intolerance

7. The Encyclopedia Denis Diderot “to change the general way of thinking”
Topics of articles:
Banned from Catholics
Helped spread Enlightenment
Freedom of expression, denouced slavery, eduction for all, attacked divinde right theory

8. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Natural innocence
Minimum control
Subordinate to community
Hatred for all forms of political and economic oppression

9. Women and the Enlightenment
“free and equal”?
Mary Wollenstonecraft
Good mother first
Decide her own interests
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 1792
= education only education could give women tools needed for equality

10. New Economic Thinking Laissez Faire Adam Smith Physiocrats-
Land v. Trade
Free trade
Opposed taxes on trade
Adam Smith
Wealth of Nations
No government regulation
Focused on economic reform; supply and demand;

11. 17-2 Enlightenment Ideas Spread

12. The Challenge of New Ideas
Censorship
Books banned and burned
Writers disguised their ideas in _____.
Exposed corruption and hypocrisy on European society.
Salons
Women invited friends for poetry readings; equal footing between nobility and middle class; spread enlightenment ideas

13. Enlightened Depots Frederick the Great Enlightened depots-
King of Prussia
Admired Voltaire
Peasants-
“everyone can go to heaven in his own fashion”
Strong civil service
Simplified laws
Absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change; distributed seeds and tools to peasants,

14. Catherine the Great (Russia)
Exchanged letters with Voltaire and Diderot
Serfdom
But…
Joseph II (Hapsburg)
“peasant emperor”
Religious tolerance to:
Ended censorship
Abolished ______
Sold property of monasteries to build ______
Limited serfdom but expanded empire; disguised as peasant to learn their problems;

15. Lives of the Majority E. Europe v. W. Europe
How were peasants taken advantage of in Western Europe?
Had to repair after floods and nobles could go through fields fox hunting.

16. 17-3 American Revolution

17. The 13 English Colonies Navigation Acts- Colonists seek autonomy
Not enforced. Why?
Colonists seek autonomy

18. Growing Discontent Early Clashes
Parliament passed laws to increase taxes on colonies. Why?
“no taxation without representation”
Early Clashes
Boston Massacre
Boycott
Stamp and Townshend Act
Boston Tea Party
First Continental Congress
Compensate for 7 years war, french and indian war; job disputes, tea tax,

19. Declaring Independence
1776 Second Continental Congress
Declaration of Independence
July 4th, 1776
Written by Thomas Jefferson, inspired by _____.
Popular sovereignty
Pop sov- all government power comes from the people;

20. The American Revolution
British advantages:
Loyalist, slaves, Native Americans
Colony advantages:
The French Alliance
Supplies, soldiers, and ____
Also support from:
Treaty of Paris 1781
Money, professional soldiers, huge fleet-----fighting for a cause, their home turf, ---navy—Spain and Netherlands

21. A New Constitution The Impact of Enlightenment Ideas Limited Freedom
Articles of Confederation
The Constitution
The Impact of Enlightenment Ideas
Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau
Federal republic-
Bill of Rights
Limited Freedom
Exclusions:
Power divided between the federal and state gov.; montes= 3 branches