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Published byLaura Craig Modified over 6 years ago
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Sometimes replication, transcription and translation don’t go as planned!
Replication, Transcription, and Translation errors result in mutations. A mutation is any change in the DNA of an organism.
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Truths about mutations!
MOST mutations are minor. Many mutations are harmful. Some mutations are lethal. Very few mutations are helpful.
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Mutations can occur as…
Germ Mutations mutations in gametes Somatic Mutations mutations in body cells
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Two Types of Mutations Chromosome Mutations 2. Gene Mutations
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Chromosome Mutation Deletion Inversion Translocation Nondisjunction
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Deletion a piece of a chromosome breaks off and is lost
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Inversion a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself in reverse order
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Translocation a broken piece attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome
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Nondisjunction a pair of chromosomes fail to separate during Anaphase I of meiotic cell division results in trisomy or monosomy Trisomy = three of one kind in a diploid cell Monosomy = one of one kind in a diploid cell
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Trisomy Monosomy Down Syndrome Turner Syndrome
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Can you identify the mutation?
The fat cat ate the wee rat. The fat the cat ate wee rat. The fat tar cat ate the wee. The fatcatate the wee rat. The fat ate the wee rat. Deletion Inversion Translocation Nondisjunction
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Types of Gene Mutations
Point Frame-shift
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Point a change in a single nitrogen base in DNA
Often referred to as a “nonsense” mutation
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Frameshift the addition or deletion of a nitrogen base, causing a shift in the sequence of codons the amino acid sequence is nonsense, coding for all the wrong amino acids
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Can you identify the mutation?
The fat cat ate the wee rat. The fat car ate the bee bat. The fat hat ate the wee rat. Point Frameshift
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What causes a mutation? Anything that causes a mutation is called a mutagen Environmental mutagens include: Ultraviolet radiation Tars from tobacco Asbestos
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